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Epidemiologie des Konsums von neuen psychoaktiven Substanzen

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Handbuch Psychoaktive Substanzen

Part of the book series: Springer Reference Psychologie ((SRP))

Zusammenfassung

Dieses Kapitel strebt einen Kurzüberblick des derzeitigen Verständnisses von der Verbreitung neuer psychoaktiver Substanzen (NPS) auf der Grundlage von Prävalenzschätzungen an. Berichtet werden Ergebnisse aus größeren Umfragen der letzten beiden Jahre (2013–2015). Beschrieben wird außerdem, wie verschiedene allgemeine Umfragen in der Bevölkerung versucht haben, den Gebrauch einzuschätzen. Das Review enthält sowohl große Zufallsstichproben mit Privathaushalten (inklusive sekundärer Analysen) als auch namhafte Forschung auf der Grundlage von Gelegenheitsstichproben. Es werden auch kurze Hinweise auf neue Methoden und Datenquellen des Gesundheitsmonitorings gegeben, die das Verständnis für diese Substanzen verbessern könnten. Zusammenfassend wird klar, dass die Prävalenz von NPS trotz wachsender öffentlicher und politischer Aufmerksamkeit gering bleibt und der Gebrauch einiger bekannter Substanzen sogar abnimmt. Allerdings bleibt das Gebiet methodologisch schwach und während Angaben aus allgemeinen Bevölkerungsstichproben vermutlich eine Unterschätzung des Gebrauchs darstellen, leiden Umfragen in „Hochrisikogruppen“ bezüglich der Wahrscheinlichkeit des Gebrauchs unter zahlreichen Verzerrungen (biases). Es gibt außerdem einen Mangel an Daten über NPS-Gebrauch und den damit verbundenen Verhaltensweisen in Bevölkerungsgruppen, die möglicherweise einen höheren Interventions- und Behandlungsbedarf aufweisen, wie zum Beispiel Personen mit besonderen Bedürfnissen – inklusive problematischem Drogengebrauch –, psychischen Erkrankungen, Obdachlose und jene, die in Kontakt mit dem Strafvollzugssystem sind.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Centre for Public Health, Liverpool John Moores University, Webster Street, Liverpool, L3 2ET, UK

    Harry Sumnall

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  1. Harry Sumnall
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Correspondence to Harry Sumnall .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. FINDER academy and research , Berlin, Germany

    Maximilian von Heyden

  2. FINDER academy and research , Berlin, Germany

    Henrik Jungaberle

  3. St. Hedwig Krankenhaus, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin St. Hedwig Krankenhaus, Berlin, Berlin, Germany

    Tomislav Majić

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Sumnall, H. (2016). Epidemiologie des Konsums von neuen psychoaktiven Substanzen. In: von Heyden, M., Jungaberle, H., Majić, T. (eds) Handbuch Psychoaktive Substanzen. Springer Reference Psychologie . Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-55214-4_94-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-55214-4_94-1

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  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-55214-4

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