Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Animal Models

  • Living reference work entry
  • First Online:
Textbook of Aging Skin

  • 90 Accesses

Abstract

Skin aging is a complex process that is categorized into either intrinsic or extrinsic actinic aging. Extrinsic actinic aging results from environmental factors, namely ultraviolet (UV) radiation, which is commonly referred to as photoaging, and is characterized by wrinkles and dryness. In contrast to extrinsic aging, intrinsic aging is gene dependent and occurs over time due to variety of physiological factors (ex/ hormonal changes). Numerous studies have been performed in an attempt to understand how the architecture of the skin changes with age and to uncover the mechanism by which this occurs [1]. There is also a large body of studies focused on determining how to prevent and reverse the effects of photoaging. As such, providing an in-depth review of the literature would not be possible in a single chapter. Therefore, the aim of this chapter is to lay a general framework of the various studies that have been performed in animal models regarding skin aging and to highlight what conclusions can be drawn from them and what has yet to be uncovered.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Hedrick H. ed. The laboratory mouse. In: G.a.P. Bullock P. The handbook of experimental animals. San Diego: Elsevier; 2004.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Sams WM, Smith JG, Burke PG. The experimental production of elastosis with ultraviolet light. J Invest Dermatol. 1964;43:467–71.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Winkelmann RK, Blades EJ, Zollman PE. Squamous cell tumors induced in hairless mice with ultraviolet light. J Invest Dermatol. 1960;34:131–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Benavides F, Oberyszyn T, VanBuskirk A, Reeve V. The hairless mouse in skin research. J Dermatol Sci. 2009;53:10–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  5. Maibach H, Lowe NJ, editors. Models in dermatology, vol. 1. Basel: Karger; 1985.

    Google Scholar 

  6. Cole CA, Davies RE, Forbes PD, D’Aloisio LC. Comparison of action spectra for acute cutaneous responses to ultraviolet radiation: man and albino hairless mouse. Photochem Photobiol. 1983;37:623–31.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Kligman LH, Akin FJ, Kligman AM. Prevention of ultraviolet damage to the dermis of hairless mice by sunscreens. J Invest Dermatol. 1982;78:181–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Kligman L. The hairless mouse model for photoaging. Clin Dermatol. 1996;14:183–95.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Berger H, Tsambaos D, Mahrle G. Experimental elastosis induced by chronic ultraviolet expotal elastosis induced by chronic ultraviolet exposure. Arch Dermatol Res. 1980;269:39–49.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Johnston KH, Oikarinen AI, Lowe NJ, Clark JG, Uitto J. Ultraviolet radiation-induced connective tissue changes in the skin of hairless mice. J Invest Dermatol. 1984;82:587–90.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Hirose R, Kligman LH. An ultrastructural study of ultraviolet-induced elastic fiber damage in hairless mouse skin. J Invest Dermat. 1988;90:697–702.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Fujimura T, Moriwaki S, Takema Y, Imokawa G. Epidermal change can alter mechanical properties of hairless mouse skin topically treated with 1α, 25 − dihydroxyvitamin D3. J Dermatol Sci. 2000;24:105–11.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Bisset DL, Hannon D, Orr TV. An animal model of solar-aged skin: histological, physical, and visible changes in UV-irradiated hairless mouse skin. Photochem Photobiol. 1987;46:367–78.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Birkedal-Hansen H, et al. Matrix Metalloproteinases: a review. Crit Rev Oral Biol Med. 1993;4(2):197–250.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Herrmann G, et al. UVA irradiation stimulates the synthesis of various matrix-metalloproteinases (MMP) in cultured human fibroblasts. Exp Dermatol. 1993;2:92–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Scharfetter K, Wlaschek M, Hogg A, et al. UVA irradiation induces collagenase in human dermal fibroblasts in vitro and in vivo. Arch Dermatol Res. 1991;283:506–11.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Koivukangas V, Kallioinen K, Autio-Harmainen H, Oikarinen AI. UV irradiation induces the expression of gelatinases in human skin in vivo. Acta Derm Venereol. 1994;74:279–82.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Son EDL, Shim JH, Choic H. Cathepsin G inhibitor prevents ultraviolet B-induced photoaginig in hairless mice via inhibition of fibronectin fragmentation. Dermatology. 2012;224:352–60.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Hwang E, Park S-Y, Lee HJ. Galic acid regulates skin photoaging in UVB-exposed fibroblast and hairless mice. Phytother Res. 2014;28:1778–88.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Larroque-Cardoso P, Camare C, Nadal-Wollbold F. Elastin modification by 4-hydroxynonenal in hairless mice exposed to UV-A. Role in photoaging and actinic elastosis. Soc Invest Dermatol. 2015;135:1873–81.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Kligman LH, Chen HD, Kligman AM. Topical retinoic acid enhances the repair of ultraviolet damaged dermal connective tissue. Connect Tissue Res. 1984;12:139–50.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Park B-S, et al. Adipose-derived stem cells and their secretory factors as a promising therapy for skin aging. Dermatol Surg. 2008;34:1323–6.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Morita A. Tobacco smoke causes premature aging. J Dermatol Sci. 2007;48:169–75.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Tanaka H, Ono Y, Nakata S, Shintani Y, Sakakibara N, Morita A. Tobacco smoke extract induces premature skin aging in mouse. J Dermatol Sci. 2007;46:69–71.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Leow Y-HM, Howard I. Cigarette smoking, cutaneous vasculature and tissue oxygen. Clin Dermatol. 1998;16(5):579–84.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Monfrecola G, Riccio G, Savarese C, Posteraro G, Procaccini EM. The acute effect of smoking on cutaneous microcirculation blood flow in habitual smokers and nonsmokers. Dermatology. 1998;197(2):115–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Kimoto-Nira H, Suzuki C, Kobayashi M, Sasaki K, Kurisaki J, Mizumachi K. Anti-ageing effect of a lactococcal strain: analysis using senescence-accelerated mice. Br J Nutr. 2007;98:1178–86.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Hosokawa M, Kasai R, Kiguchi K, et al. Grading score system: a method for evaluation of the degree of senescence in senescence accelerated mouse (SAM). Mech Ageing Dev. 1984;26:91–102.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Sakuraoka K, Tajima S, Seyama Y, Teramoto K, Ishibashi M. Analysis of connective tissue macromolecular components in Ishibashi rat skin: Role of collagen and elastin in cutaneous aging. J Dermatol Sci. 1996;12:232–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Prockop DJ, Udenfriend S. A specific method for the analysis of hydroxyproline in tissue and urine. Anal Biochem. 1960;1:228–39.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Kimura T, Doi K. Depigmentation and rejuvenation effects of kinetin on the aged skin of hairless descendants of Mexican hairless dogs. Rejuvenation Res. 2004;7(1):32–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Nabeshima Y-i. Klotho: a fundamental regulator of aging. Ageing Res Rev. 2002;1:627–38.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Lanske B, Razzaque MS. Premature aging in klotho mutant mice: cause or consequence? Ageing Res Rev. 2007;6:73–9.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  34. Yamashit K, Yotsuyanagi T, Yamauchi M. Klotho mice: a novel woulnd model of aged skin. Plast Reconstr Surger Glob Open. 2014;2, e101.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgment

We would like to thank Dr. John Epstein for his generous assistance.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA

    Shalini Krishnasamy

  2. Department of Dermatology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA

    Sara Flores

  3. Department of Dermatology, University of California, 3301 C St # 1400, Davis, CA, 95816, USA

    Farzam Gorouhi

  4. Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA

    Howard I. Maibach

Authors
  1. Shalini Krishnasamy
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Sara Flores
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Farzam Gorouhi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Howard I. Maibach
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Farzam Gorouhi .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Procter & Gamble Co., Cincinnati, Ohio, USA

    Miranda A. Farage

  2. Procter & Gamble Co., Cincinnati, Ohio, USA

    Kenneth W. Miller

  3. Department Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, California, USA

    Howard I. Maibach

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2015 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this entry

Cite this entry

Krishnasamy, S., Flores, S., Gorouhi, F., Maibach, H. (2015). Animal Models. In: Farage, M., Miller, K., Maibach, H. (eds) Textbook of Aging Skin. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-27814-3_75-2

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-27814-3_75-2

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-27814-3

  • eBook Packages: Springer Reference MedicineReference Module Medicine

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation