Skip to main content

Delivery Room Management of the Newly Born Infant

  • Reference work entry
Textbook of Clinical Pediatrics
  • 462 Accesses

Definition/Concept

According to WHO estimates, between 0.5% and 3% of approximately 120 million infants born every year suffer birth asphyxia requiring resuscitation, and some 900,000 of these newborns die each year, and a similar number will develop motor and/or neurocognitive dysfunctions. The incidence of birth asphyxia is higher in developing countries because of a higher prevalence of risk factors, namely, women are in poor health when they become pregnant; the incidence of pregnancy and delivery complications in these women is high; care during labor and delivery is often inadequate or nonexistent. Delivery room stabilization of the newborn is the most frequent intervention in the neonatal period; however, many newborns do not receive adequate care in the delivery room (DR) because birth attendants have not been adequately trained, necessary equipment is lacking, international guidelines are not put into practice and certain traditional practices are not only ineffective but may...

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 999.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD 1,299.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Apgar V (1953) A proposal for a new method of evaluation of the newborn infant. Curr Res Anesth Analg 32:260–267

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Aschner JL, Poland RL (2008) Sodium bicarbonate: basically useless therapy. Pediatrics 122(4):831–835

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Australian Resuscitation Council (2007) Australian guidelines for newborn resuscitation

    Google Scholar 

  • Barber CA, Wyckoff MH (2006) Use and efficacy of endotracheal versus intravenous epinephrine during neonatal cardiopulmonary resuscitation in the delivery room. Pediatrics 118:1028–1034

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Berger TM, Pilgrim S (2009) Reanimation des Neugeborenen. Anaesthesist 58:39–50

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Biarent D, Bingham R, Richmond S et al (2005) European resuscitation council guidelines for resuscitation 2005. Section 6. Paediatric life support (2005). Resuscitation 67(1):S97–S133

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Boyle DW, Szyld EG, Field D (2008) Ventilation strategies in the depressed term infant. Semin Fetal Neonatal Med 13:392–400

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Costello AM, Manandhar DS (1994) Perinatal asphyxia in less developed countries. Arch Dis Child 71:F1–F3

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dawes GS, Jacobson HN, Mott JC et al (1963) The treatment of asphyxiated, mature foetal lambs and rhesus monkeys with intravenous glucose and sodium carbonate. J Physiol 169:167–184

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Escrig R, Arruza L, Izquierdo I et al (2008) Achievement of targeted saturation values in extremely low gestational age neonates resuscitated with low or high oxygen concentrations: a prospective, randomized trial. Pediatrics 121:875–881

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fisher DE, Paton JB (1993) Resuscitation of the newborn infant. In: Klaus MH, Fanaroff AA (eds) Care of the high-risk neonate, 4th edn. WB Saunders, Philadelphia, pp 38–61

    Google Scholar 

  • Harrington DJ, Redman CW, Moulden M, Greenwood CE (2007) The long-term outcome in surviving infants with Apgar zero at 10 minutes: a systematic review of the literature and hospital-based cohort. Am J Obstet Gynecol 196:e461–e465

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation (2005) 2005 International consensus on cardiopulmonary resuscitation and emergency cardiovascular care science with treatment recommendations. Part 7: Neonatal resuscitation. Resuscitation 67:293–303

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Iriondo M, Thio M, Buron E et al (2009) A survey of neonatal resuscitation in Spain: gaps between guidelines and practice. Acta Paediatr 98:786–791

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jobe AH (2006) The respiratory system. In: Fanaroff AA, Martin RJ, Walsh MC (eds) Neonatal perinatal medicine, 8th edn. Mosby Elsevier, Philadelphia

    Google Scholar 

  • Jobe AH, Hillman N, Polglase G et al (2008) Injury and inflammation from resuscitation of the preterm infant. Neonatology 94:190–196

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kamlin CO, O’Donnell CP, Everest NJ et al (2006) Accuracy of clinical assessment of heart rate in the delivery room. Resuscitation 71:319–321

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Karlberg P (1960) The adaptive changes in the immediate postnatal period, with particular reference to respiration. J Pediatr 56:585–604

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kumar R (1995) A community-based study on birth asphyxia risk factors. IJPSM 26:53–59

    Google Scholar 

  • Laptook AR, Watkinson M (2008) Temperature management in the delivery room. Semin Fetal Neonatal Med 13:383–391

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Leone TA, Finer NN (2005) Neonatal resuscitation: beyond the basics. NeoReviews 6:177–183

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Maltepe E, Saugstad OD (2009) Oxygen in health and disease: regulation of oxygen homeostasis-clinical implications. Pediatr Res 65:261–268

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Morley CJ, Davis PG, Doyle LW et al (2008) CPAP or intubation at birth of very preterm infants. N Engl J Med 358:700–708

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • O’Donnell CP, Kamlin CO, Davis PG et al (2006) Interobserver variability of the 5-minute Apgar score. J Pediatr 71:319–321

    Google Scholar 

  • Ã’Donnell CP, Kamlin CO, Davis PG et al (2007) Clinical assessment of infant colour at delivery. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 92:F465–F467

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Perlman JM, Wyllie J, Kattwinkel J et al (2010) Part 11: Neonatal Resuscitation: 2010 International Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care Science With Treatment Recommendations. Circulation 122(suppl 2):S518–S538

    Google Scholar 

  • Recommendations for specific treatment modifications in the Canadian context. Addendum to the 2006 NRP provider textbook (Revised March 2007) http://www.cps.ca/ENGLISH/ProEdu/NRP/NRPCommittee.htm consulted on 8 January 2010

  • Saugstad OD (2004) Physiology of resuscitation. In: Polin RA, Fox WW, Abman SH (eds) Fetal and neonatal physiology, 3rd edn. Saunders, Philadelphia, pp 765–771

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Saugstad OD et al (2005) Response to resuscitation of the newborn: early prognostic variables. Acta Paediatr 94:890–895

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Saugstad OD, Ramji S, Soll RF et al (2008) Resuscitation of newborn infants with 21% or 100% oxygen: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis. Neonatology 94:176–182

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sociedad Española de Neonatologia (eds) (2007) Manual de Reanimación Neonatal, 2ª ed. Ergón Editores, Madrid

    Google Scholar 

  • The World Health Report 1995 (1997) World Health Organization, Geneva, p 21

    Google Scholar 

  • Vain NE, Szyld EG, Prudent LM et al (2004) Oropharyngeal and nasopharyngeal suctioning of meconium-stained neonates before delivery of their shoulders: multicentre, randomised controlled trial. Lancet 364:597–602

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • van den Dungen FAM, van Veenendaal MB, Mulder ALM (2009) Clinical practice: neonatal resuscitation. A Dutch consensus. Eur J Pediatr. doi:10.1007/s00431-009-1091-0

    Google Scholar 

  • Vanpée M, Walfridsson-Schultz U, Katz-Salamon M et al (2007) Resuscitation and ventilation strategies for extremely preterm infants: a comparison study between two neonatal centers in Boston and Stockholm. Acta Paediatr 96:10–16

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Vento M, Saugstad OD (2006) Oxygen therapy. In: Fanaroff AA, Martin RJ, Walsh MC (eds) Neonatal perinatal medicine, 8th edn. Mosby Elsevier, Philadelphia, pp 498–500

    Google Scholar 

  • Vento M, Aguar M, Leone TA et al (2008) Using intensive care technology in the delivery room: a new concept for the resuscitation of extremely preterm neonates. Pediatrics 122:1113–1116

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Vento M, Cheung PY, Aguar M (2009a) The first golden minutes of the extremely-low-gestational-age neonate: a gentle approach. Neonatology 95:286–298

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Vento M, Moro M, Escrig R et al (2009b) Preterm resuscitation with low oxygen causes less oxidative stress, inflammation and chronic lung disease. Pediatrics. doi:10.1542/peds.2009-0434

    Google Scholar 

  • Vyas H, Milner AD, Hopkin IE et al (1981) Physiologic responses to prolonged and slow-rise inflation in the resuscitation of the asphyxiated newborn infant. J Pediatr 99:635–639

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vyas H, Field D, Milner AD, Hopkin IE (1986) Determinants of the first inspiratory volume and functional residual capacity at birth. Pediatr Pulmonol 2:189–193

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wang CL, Anderson C, Leone TA et al (2008) Resuscitation of preterm neonates by using room air or 100% oxygen (2008). Pediatrics 121:1083–1089

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Watkinson M (2006) Temperature control of premature infants in the delivery room. Clin Perinatol 33:43–53

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wiswell TE (2008) Delivery room management of the meconium-stained newborn. J Perinatol 28(Suppl 3):S19–S26

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wood FE, Morley CJ, Dawson JA et al (2008) Improved techniques reduce face mask leak during simulated neonatal resuscitation: study 2. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 93:F230–F234

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wyckoff MH (2010) Neonatal cardiopulmonary resuscitation: critical hemodynamics. NeoReviews 11:e123–e129. doi:10.1542/neo.11-3-e123

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Maximo Vento PhD, MD .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2012 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this entry

Cite this entry

Vento, M. (2012). Delivery Room Management of the Newly Born Infant. In: Elzouki, A.Y., Harfi, H.A., Nazer, H.M., Stapleton, F.B., Oh, W., Whitley, R.J. (eds) Textbook of Clinical Pediatrics. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-02202-9_10

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-02202-9_10

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-02201-2

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-02202-9

  • eBook Packages: MedicineReference Module Medicine

Publish with us

Policies and ethics