Abstract
After the 2004 Great Sumatra-Andaman Tsunami that devastated vast areas bordering the Indian Ocean and claimed over 230,000 lives many research activities began to improve tsunami early warning capacities. Among these efforts was a large scientific and development project, the German-Indonesian Tsunami Early Warning System (GITEWS) endeavor. Advanced numerical methods for simulating the tsunami propagation and inundation, as well as for evaluating the measurement data and providing a forecast for precise warning bulletins have been developed in that context. We will take the developments of the GITEWS tsunami modeling as a guideline for introducing concepts and existing approaches in tsunami modeling and early warning.
For tsunami propagation and inundation modeling, numerical methods for solving hyperbolic or parabolic partial differential equations play the predominant role. The behavior of tsunami waves is usually modeled by simplifications of the Navier–Stokes equations.
In tsunami early warning approaches, an inverse problem needs to be solved, which can be formulated as follows: given a number of measurements of the tsunami event, what was the source; and when knowing the source, how do future states look like? This problem has to be solved within a few minutes in order to be of any use, and the number of available measurements is very small within the first few minutes after the rupture causing a tsunami.
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Acknowledgments
The author would like to thank his former group at Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, for substantial contributions and evaluations in developing the simulation software TsunAWI and the simulation system within GITEWS. Widodo Pranowo’s contribution to developing and testing the adaptive mesh tsunami code is gratefully acknowledged. This work was partly funded by the Federal Ministry for Education and Research (BMBF) in the GITEWS framework under contract no. 03TSU01.
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Behrens, J. (2010). Numerical Methods in Support of Advanced Tsunami Early Warning. In: Freeden, W., Nashed, M.Z., Sonar, T. (eds) Handbook of Geomathematics. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-01546-5_14
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-01546-5_14
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