Synonyms
Definition
During the past years, different definitions of acid and base have been developed as shown in the following table [1]:
Acid |
Base |
||
---|---|---|---|
1887 |
Arrhenius |
Hydrogen ion donor (aqueous medium) |
Hydroxyl ion donor (aqueous medium) |
1921 |
Van Slyke |
Anion (apart from OH−) |
Cation (apart from H+) |
1923 |
Bronsted-Lowry |
Hydrogen ion donor |
Hydroxyl ion donor |
1938 |
Lewis |
Electron acceptor |
Electron donor |
1939 |
Usanovich |
Cation donor, anion or electron acceptor |
Anion donor, cation acceptor |
The definition proposed by Arrhenius considers acid as a substance capable of dissociating in water that gives up hydrogen ions (H+), while base as a substance that gives up hydroxide ions (OH−). This definition, however, limits acids and bases to substances that can dissolve in water. The definition of Bronsted and Lowry includes even substances that are insoluble in water. The most general definition was introduced by Lewis, which defines an acid as an electron-pair...
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References
Siggaard-Andersen O (1974) The acid-base status of the blood. Munksgaard, Copenhagen
Stewart PA (2009) Lulu.com, Amsterdam
Henderson LJ (1908) The theory of neutrality regulation in the animal organism. Am J Physiol 21:427–448
Siggaard-Andersen O (1977) The van Slyke equation. Scand J Clin Lab Invest Suppl 37:15–20
Singer RB, Hastings AB (1948) An improved clinical method for the estimation of disturbances of the acid-base balance of human blood. Medicine 27:223–242
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Gattinoni, L., Carlesso, E., Caironi, P. (2012). Acid–Base Evaluation. In: Vincent, JL., Hall, J.B. (eds) Encyclopedia of Intensive Care Medicine. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-00418-6_120
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