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Pitch and Voicing Determination of Speech with an Extension Toward Music Signals

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Springer Handbook of Speech Processing

Part of the book series: Springer Handbooks ((SHB))

Abstract

This chapter reviews selected methods for pitch determination of speech and music signals. As both these signals are time variant we first define what is subsumed under the term pitch. Then we subdivide pitch determination algorithms (PDAs) into short-term analysis algorithms, which apply some spectral transform and derive pitch from a frequency or lag domain representation, and time-domain algorithms, which analyze the signal directly and apply structural analysis or determine individual periods from the first partial or compute the instant of glottal closure in speech. In the 1970s, when many of these algorithms were developed, the main application in speech technology was the vocoder, whereas nowadays prosody recognition in speech understanding systems and high-accuracy pitch period determination for speech synthesis corpora are emphasized. In musical acoustics, pitch determination is applied in melody recognition or automatic musical transcription, where we also have the problem that several pitches can exist simultaneously.

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Abbreviations

ACF:

autocorrelation function

CH:

call home

DFT:

discrete Fourier transform

FFT:

fast Fourier transform

FIR:

finite impulse response

GCI:

glottal closure instant

IP:

internet protocol

LP:

linear prediction

MAP:

maximum a posteriori

PDA:

pitch determination algorithms

PDF:

probability density function

SNR:

signal-to-noise ratio

SVD:

singular value decomposition

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  1. Institute for Communication Sciences, Dept. of Communication, Language, and Speech, University of Bonn, Poppelsdorfer Allee 47, 53115, Bonn, Germany

    Wolfgang J. Hess Prof.

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  1. INRS-EMT, University of Quebec, 800 de la Gauchetiere Ouest, H5A 1K6, Montreal, Quebec, Canada

    Jacob Benesty Dr.

  2. Avayalabs Research, 233 Mount Airy Road, 07920, Basking Ridge, NJ, USA

    M. Mohan Sondhi Ph.D.

  3. Alcatel-Lucent, Bell Laboratories, 600 Mountain Avenue, 07974, Murray Hill, NJ, USA

    Yiteng Arden Huang Dr.

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Hess, W.J. (2008). Pitch and Voicing Determination of Speech with an Extension Toward Music Signals. In: Benesty, J., Sondhi, M.M., Huang, Y.A. (eds) Springer Handbook of Speech Processing. Springer Handbooks. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-49127-9_10

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