Abstract
In neurosurgical practice hydrocephalus is the most commonly treated condition, with surgical complication being a common event. After initial diagnosis, there are varied surgical options, including internal intracranial CSF diversion with neuroendoscopic third ventriculostomy and extracranial CSF diversion either within the body via a shunt or without as an external drainage system. Clinical neuroradiology is the principal investigation that guides diagnosis, selection of treatment, and detection of complications. Increasingly radiology is used in theater to directly guide surgical treatment with neuronavigation becoming central in efforts to drive down the risk of complication. Longer term a surgical hydrocephalus service must remain vigilant to late complications and ultimate shunt failure.
This publication is endorsed by: European Society of Neuroradiology (www.esnr.org).
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Similar content being viewed by others
Abbreviations
- CSF:
-
Cerebrospinal fluid
- ETV:
-
Endoscopic third ventriculostomy
- EVD:
-
External ventricular drainage
- VA shunt:
-
Ventriculoatrial shunt
- VP shunt:
-
Ventriculoperitoneal shunt
References
Algin O, Ucar M, Ozmen E, Borcek A, Pzisik O, Ocakoglu G, Tali T. Assessment of third ventriculostomy patency with the 3D-SPACE technique: a preliminary multicenter research study. J Neurosurg. 2015;122:1347–55.
Bargallo N, Olondo L, Garcia AI, Capurro S, Caral L, Rumia J. Functional analysis of third ventriculostomy patency by quantification of CSF stroke volume by using cine phase-contrast MR imaging. Am J Neuroradiol. 2005;26:2514–21.
Bouras T, Sgouros S. Complications of endoscopic third ventriculostomy. A review. J Neurosurg Pediatr. 2011;7(6):643–9.
Brockmeyer D. Techniques of endoscopic third ventriculostomy. Neurosurg Clin N Am. 2004;15:51–9.
Casey AT, Kimmings EJ, Kleinluqtebeld AD, Taylor WA, Harkness WF, Hayward RD. The long-term outlook for hydrocephalus in childhood. A ten year cohort study of 155 patients Paediatric. Neurosurgery. 1997;27(2):63–70.
Chari A, Czosnyka M, Richards H, Pickard JM, Czosnyka ZH. Hydrocephalus shunt technology: 20 years’ experience from the Cambridge Shunt Evaluation Laboratory. J Neurosurg. 2014;120(3):697–707.
Kartal MG, Algin O. Evaluation of hydrocephalus and other cerebrospinal fluid disorders with MRI: an update. Insights Imaging. 2014;5:531–41.
Kulkarni AV, Drake JM, Armstrong DC, Dirks PB. Imaging correlates of successful endoscopic third ventriculostomy. J Neurosurg. 2000;92(6):915–9.
Kupeli E, Yilmaz C, Akcay S. Pleural effusion following ventriculo-pleural shunt: case reports and review of the literature. Ann Thorac Med. 2010;5(3):166–70.
Lollis SS, Mamourian AC, Vaccaro TJ, Duhaime AC. Programmable CSF shunt valves: radiographic identification and interpretation. Am J Neuroradiol. 2010;31:1343–6.
Mathews JD, Forsythe AV, Brady Z, et al Cancer risk in 680 000 people exposed to computed tomography scans in childhood or adolescence: data linkage study of 11 million Australians. BMJ. 2013;346. (Published 21 May 2013) Cite this as: BMJ 2013;346:f2360.
Merkler AE, Ch’ang J, Parker WE, Murthy SB, Kamel H. The rate of complications after ventriculoperitoneal shunt surgery. World Neurosurg. 2017;98:654–8.
Reaper J, Collins SA, McMullan J, Bayston R. The use of ASET (Anti Staph Epidermidis Titre) in the diagnosis of ventriculo-atrial shunt infection. Cerebrospinal Fluid Res. 2010;7(Suppl 1):S44.
Rohde V, Behm T, Ludwig H, Wachter D. The role of neuronavigation in intracranial endoscopic procedures. Neurosurg Rev. 2012;35(3):351–8.
Sainte-Rose C, Hooven MD, Me MS, Hirsch JF. A new approach in the treatment of hydrocephalus. J Neurosurg. 1987;66(2):213–26.
Stivaros S, Sinclair D, Bromiley P, Kim J, Thorne J, Jackson A. Endoscopic third ventriculostomy: predicting outcome with phase-contrast MR imaging. Radiology. 2009;252:825–32.
Vinchon M, Dhellemmes P. Cerebrospinal fluid shunt infection: risk factors and long-term follow-up. Childs Nerv Syst. 2006;22(7):692–7.
Vinchon M, Rekate H Kulkarni AV. Shunt independence. Pediatric hydrocephalus outcomes: a review. Fluids Barriers CNS. 2012; 9:18.
Wang VY, Barbaro NM, Lawton MT, Pitts L, Kunwar S, Parsa AT, Gupta N, McDermott MW. Complications of lumboperitoneal shunts. Neurosurgery. 2007;60(6):1045–8; discussion 1049
Further Reading
Chiewvit S, Nuntaaree S, Kanchaanapiboon P, Chiewvit P. Assessment lumboperitoneal or ventriculoperitoneal shunt patency by radionuclide technique: a review experience cases. World J Nucl Med. 2014;13(2):75–84. PMCID: PMC4150163
Mohamed A, Avinash K, Khaled B, Athar A, Priyabrata D. Intracranial shunts: a brief review for radiologists. Curr Trends Clin Med Imaging. 2017;1(4):555567.
Rodt T, von Falck C, Tschan C, Diensthuber M, Zajaczek J, Krauss J, Galanski M. Radiological evaluation of ventriculoperitoneal shunt systems ECR 2009; Poster No C-702. 2009.
Wallace AN, McConathy J, Menias CO, Bhalla S, Wippold FJ II. Imaging evaluation of CSF shunts. AJR. 2014;202:38–53.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Section Editor information
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2019 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this entry
Cite this entry
McMullan, P.J., Romanowski, C.A.J. (2019). Radiological Assessment of Hydrocephalus Treatment and Treatment-related Complications. In: Barkhof, F., Jäger, H., Thurnher, M., Rovira, À. (eds) Clinical Neuroradiology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-68536-6_15
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-68536-6_15
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-68535-9
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-68536-6
eBook Packages: MedicineReference Module Medicine