Amyloidosis, Pleural

Synonyms

Pleural type; Pulmonary amyloidosis

Definition

Pleural amyloidosis is the deposition of amyloid protein into the visceral or parietal pleura. Amyloid refers to misfolded proteins with a beta-pleated sheet conformation forming insoluble fibrils that accumulate in various organs. Amyloid buildup mechanically disrupts the involved tissue parenchyma and interferes with many cellular processes occurring within the cellular microenvironment. The extent of pathophysiological disturbances due of amyloid is still incompletely understood.

Over 20 types of proteins accompanying different diseases can result in amyloid formation. The most commonly involved misfolded fibril proteins are AL, AA, ATTR, and Aβ amyloid. AL amyloid is derived from excess light-chain immunoglobulins associated with plasma cells dyscrasias: most notably multiple myeloma. The precursor protein of AA amyloid is serum amyloid A (SAA) proteins, a subset of apolipoproteins, which are acute phase reactants elevated in...

Appendix I: Case Reports

Case reports were found by searching http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ (PubMed) for keywords such as “pleural” and “amyloidosis.” The reference section of each article was examined to identify additional publications missed on keyword searches. Only English cases were reviewed. The following case reports are listed in chronological order of publication date.

• 1. Lundin, P., Simonsson, B., & Winberg, T. (1961). Pneumonopleural amyloid tumour: Report of a case. Acta Radiologica, 55, 139–144.

• 2. Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. (1977). Weekly clinicopathological exercises; Case 48–1977. The New England Journal of Medicine 297(22), 1221–1228.

• 3. Vilaseca, J., Cuevas, J., Fresno, M., Tor, J., Guardia, J., & Barcardi, R. (1981). Systemic amyloidosis in cystic fibrosis. American Journal of Diseases of Children, 135(7), 667.

• 4. Graham, D. R. & Ahmad, D. (1988). Amyloidosis with pleural involvement. The European Respiratory Journal: Official Journal of the European Society for Clinical Respiratory Physiology, 1(6), 571–572.

• 5. Knapp, M. J., Roggli, V. L., Kim, J., Moore, J. O., & Shelburne, J. D. (1988). Pleural amyloidosis. Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, 112(1), 57–60.

• 6. Tamura, K., Nakajima, N., Makino, S., Maruyama, R., Kohno, T., & Koga, Y. (1988). Primary pulmonary amyloidosis with multiple nodules. European Journal of Radiology, 8(2), 128–30.

• 7. Kavuru, M. S., Adamo, J. P., Ahmad, M., Mehta, A. C., & Gephardt, G. N. (1990). Amyloidosis and pleural disease. Chest, 98(1), 20–23.

• 8. Romero Candeira, S., Martín Serrano, C., & Hernandez Blasco, L. (1991). Amyloidosis and pleural disease. Chest, 100(1), 292–293.

• 9. Kaw, Y. T. & Esparza, A. R. (1991). Solitary pleural amyloid nodules occurring as coin lesions diagnosed by fine-needle aspiration biopsy. Diagnostic Cytopathology, 7(3), 304–307.

• 10. Smith, F. B., Brown, R. B., Maguire, G., & Oliver, J. (1993). Localized pleural microdeposition of type A amyloid in a patient with rheumatoid pleuritis: Histologic distinction from pleural involvement in systemic amyloidosis. American Journal of Clinical Pathology, 99(3), 261–264.

• 11. Bontemps, F., Tillie-Leblond, I., Coppin, M.C., Frehart, P., Wallaert, B., Ramon, P., & Tonnel, A.B. (1995). Pleural amyloidosis: Thoracoscopic aspects. The European Respiratory Journal: Official Journal of the European Society for Clinical Respiratory Physiology, 8(6), 1025–1027.

• 12. Mathews, V., Vasudevan, A. R., Nair, S., & Cherian, A. M. (1996). Primary systemic amyloidosis-pleural involvement with exudative pleural effusion. The Journal of the Association of Physicians of India, 44(5), 345–346.

• 13. Maeno, T., Sando, Y., Tsukagoshi, M., Suga, T., Endo, M., Seki, R., Ooyama, Y., Yamagishi, T., Kaneko, Y., Kanda, T., Iwasaki, T., Kurabayashi, M., & Nagai, R. (2000). Pleural amyloidosis in a patient with intractable pleural effusion and multiple myeloma. Respirology, 5(1), 79–80.

• 14. Meeus, G., Ponette, J., Delabie, J., Verschakelen, J., & Blockmans, D. (2000). Immunoglobulin related amyloidosis presenting as isolated lymph node and pulmonary involvement. Leukemia & Lymphoma, 38(3–4), 423–427. Review.

• 15. Adams, A. L., Castro, C. Y., Singh, S. P., & Moran, C. A. (2001). Pleural amyloidosis mimicking mesothelioma: a clinicopathologic study of two cases. Annals of Diagnostic Pathology, 5(4), 229–232. Review.

• 16. Granel, B., Serratrice, J., Disdier, P., Weiller, P. J., & Astoul, P. (2003). Systemic amyloidosis with pleural involvement. The American journal of medicine, 115(9), 742–743.

• 17. Roux, C. H., Breuil, V., Brocq, O., & Euller-Ziegler, L. (2005). Pleural amyloidosis as the first sign of IgD multiple myeloma. Clinical Rheumatology, 24(3), 294–295.

• 18. Suzuki, M., Betsuyaku, T., Kojima, T., Saito, H., Nishiura, Y., Fukasawa, Y., Nishimura, M., & Kawakami, Y. (2005). Pleural involvement of dialysis-related amyloidosis. Internal Medicine, 44(6), 628–631.

• 19. Briggs, J. H., Singleton, W. G., Burke, M. M., Hart, L. A., & Parker, R. J. (2009). Amyloidosis presenting as bilateral transudative pleural effusions with normal cardiac investigations: A case report. Cases Journal, 2, 6963.

• 20. Rafii, R., Leslie, K., Heo, J., & Chan, A. (2011). A 71-year-old woman with an unusual cause for pleural effusions. Chest, 139(5), 1237–1241.

• 21. Yoshiya, S., Maruyama, R., Koga, T., Shikada, Y., Yano, T., & Maehara, Y. (2012). Localized pleural amyloidosis: Report of a case. Surgery Today, 42(6), 597–600.

• 22. Chu, H., Zhao, L., Zhang, Z., Gui, T., Yi, X., & Sun, X. (2012). Clinical characteristics of amyloidosis with isolated respiratory system involvement: A review of 13 cases. Annals of Thoracic Medicine, 7(4), 243–249.

• 23. Shimizu, Y., Endou, K., Hashizume, Y., Kawata, T., Horie, T., Ogura, H., Obokata, M., Toyoda, M., Ito, H., & Takise, A. (2012). Massice pleural effusion due to pleural AA amyloidosis. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 186(12), e19–e20.

• 24. Harvey-Taylor, J., Zhang, Y., Kuderer, V., & Cooke, D. T. (2013). Diagnosis of systemic amyloidosis and amyloidosis mediated cardiomyopathy by VATS pleural biopsy for chronic pleural effusion. Journal of Thoracic Disease, 5(3), E112–E114.