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Vitamin Formation from Fatty Acid Precursors

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Biogenesis of Fatty Acids, Lipids and Membranes

Part of the book series: Handbook of Hydrocarbon and Lipid Microbiology ((HHLM))

Abstract

Enzymes that require biotin or lipoic acid cofactors for their activity occur in all domains of life and play essential roles in metabolism. The de novo synthesis of these vitamins depends on the production of fatty acid precursors and has been most extensively characterized in Escherichia coli and Bacillus species. The octanoyl-acyl carrier protein precursor for lipoic acid is synthesized in reactions catalyzed by the fatty acid biosynthesis (Fab) enzymes. The octanoyl moiety is linked to the lipoyl domains of lipoic acid-dependent enzymes and then converted to lipoate by lipoyl synthase. For biotin biosynthesis, both the BioC-BioH pathway in E. coli and the BioI pathway in Bacillus species rely on Fab enzymes to produce the pimeloyl-acyl carrier protein required for biotin production. This review presents an overview of the biosynthetic pathways for biotin and lipoic acid, with an emphasis on the role of fatty acid metabolism in their synthesis.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Programa de Genómica Funcional de Procariontes, Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de México, Av. Universidad s/n, Col. Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico

    Michael F. Dunn

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  1. Michael F. Dunn
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Correspondence to Michael F. Dunn .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico

    Otto Geiger

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Dunn, M.F. (2019). Vitamin Formation from Fatty Acid Precursors. In: Geiger, O. (eds) Biogenesis of Fatty Acids, Lipids and Membranes. Handbook of Hydrocarbon and Lipid Microbiology . Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-50430-8_24

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