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Adhesive Dentistry

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Handbook of Adhesion Technology

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Abstract

The present chapter describes the adhesive techniques and materials that are widely used in modern clinical dentistry. There are two types of tooth-colored restorative material available to the dentist, the so-called composite resins and the glass-ionomer cements. There are, though, variations on these basic types, as explained in the chapter. In addition, there is the zinc polycarboxylate cement, which was the first adhesive dental restorative material to be developed, and it retains a niche in modern clinical practice.

Composite resins do not themselves possess any adhesive properties, but need to be used in conjunction with separate adhesive substances known as bonding agents. Over recent years, the technology of these materials has developed rapidly and a wide variety of systems are currently available to the clinician. Bonding agents have been characterized by “generation,” and currently seventh generation bonding systems are available. However, a more useful classification is based on the number of steps involved in using them, and this is described in detail.

Bonding agents are applied to the tooth surface following cavity preparation, a process that involves the formation of a layer of deranged dentin known as the “smear layer.” Modern bonding agents may be either “etch-and-rinse,” in which case the smear layer is removed, or “self-etching,” where the smear layer becomes incorporated into the bonding layer. Whichever approach is used, the result is a treated surface to which the composite resin is applied. Testing of such systems is typically in shear mode, and they have been reported to give high shear bond strengths, even though they involve only a very thin layer between a hydrophilic substrate and a hydrophobic repair material.

Glass-ionomers, by contrast, are themselves hydrophilic and inherently adhesive to the tooth surface. It therefore requires only slight pretreatment, typically conditioning with 10% aqueous polyacrylic acid. Glass-ionomers rapidly form durable adhesive bonds to the tooth surface through the development of an ion-exchange layer at the interface. This ability to bond is exploited in both the Atraumatic Restorative Treatment (ART) technique and in bonding of orthodontic brackets, both of which are described in detail in the chapter.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Bluefield Centre for Biomaterials, London, UK

    John W. Nicholson

  2. Dental Physical Sciences, Institute of Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK

    John W. Nicholson

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  1. John W. Nicholson
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Correspondence to John W. Nicholson .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal

    Lucas F. M. da Silva

  2. Griffith School of Engineering, Griffith University (Gold Coast Campus), Southport Queensland, Australia

    Andreas Öchsner

  3. Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom

    Robert D. Adams

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Nicholson, J.W. (2017). Adhesive Dentistry. In: da Silva, L., Öchsner, A., Adams, R. (eds) Handbook of Adhesion Technology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-42087-5_56-2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-42087-5_56-2

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  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-42087-5

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