Abstract
The long history of the discovery and therapeutic use of bacteriophages, especially non-English-language journals, is often overlooked by modern researchers. While this body of evidence does not provide suitable proof of the safety and efficacy of phage therapy, it nonetheless demonstrates the potential for safety and efficacy and as such is worthy of attention by modern-day researchers in the field. Here, we discuss some of the early work carried out to develop clinical applications of phage therapy for many diseases, with a particular focus on the huge amount of work carried out behind the Iron Curtain, in countries where phage therapy was (and in many cases still is) more commonly used than elsewhere in the world.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Ackermann HW, Dubow MS (1987) Viruses of prokaryotes. CRC Press, Boca Raton
Adhya S, Merrill C (2006) The road to phage therapy. Nature 443:754–755
Agafonov BI, Khokhlov DT, Zolochevsky MA (1984) Epidemiology of typhoid- paratyphoid infections and their prophylactics. Military-Med J 6:36–40
Albee FH (1933) The treatment of osteomyelitis by bacteriophages. J Bone Surgery 15:58
Albee FH, Patterson MB (1930) The bacteriophage in surgery. Ann Surg 91(6):855–874
Alessandrini A, Doria R (1924) Bacteriophagum antityphicum polyvalens. Med Klin 20:1447
Anikina TA (1982) Staphylococcal bacteriophage on the protein-free media with aminocrolin. Cand Diss, Gorky
Anpilov LI, Prokudin AA (1984) Prophylactic effectiveness of the dry polyvalent dysentery bacteriophage in organized communities. Military-Med J 5:39–40
Antadze VS (1957) The main trends in the research of the issues related to bacteriophages and the ways of their resolution. In: Bacteriophages, Selected Articles of the Inter-Institutional Conference held in Tbilisi, October 26–29, 1957, pp 5–18
Appelmans R (1921) Le dosage du bactériophage. Compt Rend Soc Biol 85:1098–1099
Arsentieva VA (1941) Intravenous use of high doses of bacteriophages in surgery. Sov Med 9:18–20
Arshba SY (1942) Phage treatment of the open gun wounds and bone and joint injuries. In: Phage therapy of wounds in the conditions of evacuation hospital. GruzMedGiz, Tbilisi, pp 18–26
Babalova EG, Katsitadze KT, Sakvarelidze LA, Imnaishvili NS, Sharashidze TG, Badashvili VA, Kiknadze GP, Meipariani AN, Gendzekhadze ND, Machavariani EV, Gogoberidze KL, Gozalov EI, Dekanosidze NG (1968) On the issue of prophylactic importance of the dry dysenteric bacteriophage. J Microbiol Epidemiol Immunol (JMEI) 2:143–145
Bayne-Jones S and Sandholzen LA (1933) Changes in the shape and size of bacterium coli and Bacillus megaterium under the influence of bacteriophage. A motion photomicrographic analysis of mechanism of lysis. J Exp medicine 57:279
Beckerich A, Haudoroy P (1922) Le bacteriophage dans le treatment de la fever typhoid. Comp Rend Soc Biol 86:168
Belikova MA (1941) Experience of phage prophiyaxis of summer dysentery among the young children performed in the city Stalingrad. J Microbio Epidemiol Immunol (JMEI) 5-6:142
Beridze MA (1938) Role of bacteriophage therapy in combating purulent skin infections. Medgiz, Tbilisi
Blankov BI (1941) Analysis of the results of phage prophylaxis of dysentery among the contacting people (report # 1). J Microbiol Epidemiol Immunol (JMEI) 5-6:125–131
Blankov BI, Zherebtsov ID (1941) Experience on the multiple phaging of the contacting population in the fight against dysentery (report # 2). J Microbiol Epidemiol Immunol (JMEI) 5-6:131–136
Bochorishvili TV (1984) Clinical evaluation of effectiveness of various methods of immune and intravenous therapies of the generalized forms of staphylococcal infections. Tbilisi, Cand Diss
Bordet J (1925) La theorie de l’autolyse transmissible et les objections de d’Herelle. Compt Rend Soc Biol 93:143
Bruynoghe R, Maisin J (1921) Essais de thérapeutique au moyen du bacteriophage du Staphylocoque. Compt Rend Soc Biol 85:1120–1121
Chanishvili N (2012a) Phage therapy-history from Twort and d’Herelle through soviet experience to current approaches. Adv Virus Res 83:3–40. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-394438-2.00001-3
Chanishvili N (2012b) A literature review of the practical application of bacteriophages. Nova Science Publishers, New York City
Chanishvili TG, Giorgadze TV, Chirakadze IG, Chkhenkeli NK (1974) Experience of obtaining of apyrogenic preparation of Staphylococcus phage on the SSM and study of exotoxins appearing in the course of phage lysis. In: materials of the symposium dedicated to the 50th anniversary of Tbilisi Institute of Vaccine and Sera. Tbilisi, pp 263–265
Chirakadze IG, Chanishvili TG (1964) Study of the potential of obtaining Staphylococcus phage for intravenous administration. In: Abstracts of the Scientific Session dedicated to Staphyloccocus infection, Leningrad, pp 56–57
Chkhetia N (1984) Treatment of lung diseases. Tbilisi, Cand Diss
Cipollaro AC, Scheplar AE (1933) Therapeutic uses of bacteriophages in the pyodermias. Arch Dermat 25:280
Compton A (1929) Anti-dysentery bacteriophage in the treatment of bacillary dysentery: record of 66 cases treated, with inferences. Lancet 2:2735. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(01)02171-7
d’Herelle F (1917) Sur un microbe invisible antagoniste des bacilles dysentériques. Comp Rend Acad Sci Paris 165:373–375
d’Herelle F (1935) Bacteriophage and phenomenon of recovery. TSU Press, Tbilisi
da Costa Cruz J (1924) Le traitment des dysentéries bacillaires par le bactériophage. Compt Rend Soc Biol Paris 91:845
Davison WC (1922) The bacteriolysant therapy of bacillary dysentery in children: therapeutic application of Bacteriolysants; d’Herelle’s phenomenon. Am J Dis Child 23:531–534
Dutton LO (1926) Role of bacteriophage in Streptococcus infection. J Inf Dis 39:48
Eaton MD, Bayne-Jones S (1934) Bacteriophage therapy: review of the principles and results of the use of bacteriophage in the treatment of infections. JAMA 103:1769–1776
Ebert BP, Shapiro FI (1938) Bacteriophage as a therapeutic and prophylactic factor in case of staphylococcal infections. J Microbiol 214(10):53–57
Eijkman C (1901) Ueber Enzyme bei Bakterien und Schiemmelpilzen. Centralbl Bakt 29:841–848
Emmerich R, Löw O (1899) Bakteriolytische Enzyme als Ursache der erworbenen Immunität und die Heilung von Infectionskrankheiten durch dieselben. Z Hyg Immun 31:1
Fedorovich DP (1944) Bacteriophage treatment of gunshot wounds. Soviet Medi 6:26–27
Fejgin B (1925) Sur le principle lytique anti-diphtherique. Comp Rend Soc Biol Paris 93:365
Fisher L (1949) Bacteriophage, contemporary knowledge about the nature and mechanisms of action. In: Bacteriophage: selected guides for application of phage preparations, 2nd edn, Tomsk, Russia
Florova NN, Cherkass FK (1965) Results of mass application of polyvalent dysenteric bacteriophage. J Microbiol Epidemiol Immunol (JMEI) 3:118–125
Fruciano DE, Bourne S (2007) Phage as an antimicrobial agent: d’Herelle’s heretical theories and their role in the decline of phage prophylaxis in the west. Can J Inf Dis Med Microbiol 18(1):19–26
Gamaleya NF (1898) Bacteriolysins – ferments destroying bacteria. Russ Arch Pathol Clin Med Bacteriol 6:607–613
Georgadze IA (1974) Fifty Years of the Tbilisi Scientific-Research Institute of Vaccine and Sera of the Ministry of Health of the USSR. In: Selected Articles of the Jubilee dedicated to 50th Anniversary of the Tbilisi Institute of Vaccine and Sera. TIVS: Tbilisi
Gildemeister E (1921) Uber das d’Herellesche Phenomenon. Berlin Klin Wschr 58:1355
Goodridge LD (2013) Bacteriophages for managing Shigella in various clinical and non-clinical settings. Bacteriophage 3(1):e25098
Gvazava AI (1957) Results of therapy of deep forms of pyodermitis with the expired phage preparations. Cand Dis, Tbilisi
Haler D (1938) Use of the bacteriophage in an outbreak of dysentery. Br Med J 2:698–670. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.2.4056.698
Hankin ME (1896) Les microbes des riviíres de l’Inde. Ann Inst Pasteur (Paris) 10:175–176
Izashvili NP (1940) Clinical observation upon the therapeutic effect of phage therapy in purulent processes. Tbilisi, Cand Dis
Izashvili NP (1957) Combined use of penicillin and bacteriophage for treatment of some purulent processes. In: Bacteriophage Research Selected Articles of Inter-Institutional Conference held in Tbilisi on October, 26–29, 1955, pp 397–405
Johnston MM, Ebbs JH, Kaake MJ (1933) Bacteriophage therapy in acute intestinal infection (summer diarrhea). Can Public Health J 24:443–446
Jukov-Werezhnikov NN, Fruauf VA (1934) Zur frage uber Wesen und Bedeutung der Bakteriophagie. II Morphologische Vwranderungen Bac. Typhi abdominalis unter Einfluss des Bakteriophags. Revue De Microbiologie D’Epidemiologie et de Parasitologe Institut de Microbiologie et Epidemiologie du Sud-Est de RSFSR a Saratov 13(4):263–272
Kagan MI, Kuznetsova EV, Teleshevskaya EA (1964) To the issue of epidemic effectiveness of the planned phaging in the day-nurseries. J Microbiol Epidemiol Immunol (JMEI) 7:89–102
Karamov S (1938) Experience of phage therapy for treatment of typhoid fever. Selected Articles of Azerbaijani Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology 6(1):101–105
Karpov SP (1946) The specific bacteriophage in relation to the issue of combating typhoid and paratyphoid diseases. J Microbiol Epidemiol Immunol (JMEI) 1–2:40–44
Kazarnovskaya SS (1933) Bacteriophagyia. USSR Academy of Sciences Press, Leningrad
Kazhal N, Iftimovich R (1968) From the history of the fight against bacteria and viruses. Bucharest, Nauchnoe Izdatelstvo
Kessel JF, Rose EJ (1933) Bacteriophage therapy in bacillary dysentery of the Flexner type. Ann Intern Med 6:1193–1199. https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-6-9-1193. Accessed on Sept 2019
Khuskivadze ZF (1954) To the issue of phage therapy of the deep forms of pyodermitis. Tbilisi, Cand Dis
Kokin GA (1941) Use of phage therapy in surgery. Soviet Med 9:33–35
Kokin GA (1946) Phage therapy and prophylaxis of gas gangrene. In: military medicine during the Great Patriotic War Moscow, vol 3. 56–63
Krestovnikova VA (1947) Phage treatment and phage prophylactics and their approval in the works of the soviet researchers. J Microb Epidemiol Immunol (JMEI) 3:56–65
Krueger AP, Scribner EJ (1941) The bacteriophage: its nature and its therapeutic use (I) JAMA 116:2160–2167
Krupp K, Madhivanan P (2015) Antibiotic resistance in prevalent bacterial and protozoan sexually transmitted infections. Indian J Sex Transm Dis AIDS 36(1): 3–8. https://doi.org/10.4103/2589-0557.156680. Accessed on 2Sept 2019
Kurochka VK, Karniz AF, Khodyrev AP (1987) Experiences of implementation of preventive anti-epidemic measures in the center of intestinal infections with water transmission mechanism of morbidity. Military-Med J 7:36–37
Lipkin NM and Nikolskaya II (1940) Experience of phage therapy of dysentery. In: Selected articles, Kuibishev Red Army Military-Medical Academy, Kuibishev, Issue 4, pp 193–198
Makashvili EG, Bagdoeva A, Tarasashvili N, Anjaparidze TG (1942) Aerobic microflora of wound infections. In: Phage therapy of wounds in the conditions of evacuation hospital. GruzMedGiz, Tbilisi, Georgia, pp 54–63
Manolov DG, Sekunova VN, Somova EE (1948) Experience of therapy of typhoid fever by intravenous administration of the phage. J Microbiol Epidemiol Immunol (JMEI) 4:33
McKinley EB (1923) Bacteriophage in the treatment of infections. Arch Intern Med 32:899–910
Meladze DG, Mebuke MG, Chkhetia NS, Kiknadze NY, Koguashvili GG, Timoshuk II, Larionova NG, Vasadze GK (1981) Effect of the staphylococcal bacteriophage for treatment of purulent infections of lungs and pleura. Breast Surg (“Grudnaya Khirurgia”) 1:53–56
Melnik MI, Khastovich RI, Mitelman MM (1935) Phage therapy of dysenteric patients. In: Selected articles of the Mechnikov institute, Kharkov, Issue 1, v1, pp 89–92
Murray JE (1938) The treatment of bacillary dysentery with bacteriophage. Practitioner 141:199–201
Myelnikov D (2018) An alternative cure: the adoption and survival of bacteriophage therapy in the USSR, 1922–1955. J Hist Med Allied Sci 73(4):385–411 https://doi.org/10.1093/jhmas/jry024. Accessed on 2 Sept 2019
Nadiradze MM (1983) Method of preparation of the apyrogenic intravenous Staphylococcus phage. In: Selected articles bacteriophages – theoretical and practical issues. Mechnikov Institute of Microbiology, Moscow, pp 215–218
Northrop J (1937) Chemical nature and mode of formation of pepsin, trypsin and bacteriophage. Science 86:479–483
Northrop J (1938) Concentration and purification of bacteriophage. J Gen Philos 21(3):335–366
Pavlova LI, Sumarokov AA, Solodovnikov YP, Nikitiuk NM (1973) Use of dysentery bacteriophage as a means of preventing dysentery (review of literature). J Microbiol Epidemiol Immunol (JMEI) 7:27–32
Plankina ZA, Nikonov AG, Sayamov RM, Kotliarova RI (1961) Control of cholera in Afghanistan. J Microbiol Epidemiol Immunol 32:202–204
Podvarko AG (1964) Bacterial intestinal infections and respiratory tract infections, coccoidal infections. In: Multivolume guide for Microbiology, Clinics and Epidemiology of Infectious diseases, Meditsina, Moscow, vol 6. pp 245–254
Pokrovskaya VP (1942) Treatment of wounds with bacteriophages. Medgiz, Moscow
Purtseladze MD (1941) Treatment of purulent forms of mastitis. Obstet Gynecol (“Akusherstvo i ginekologia”) 11–12:22–24
Querangal des Essarts J (1933) Le bactériophage dans une épidémie de dysenterie bacillaire (Applications thérapeutiques et prophylactiques). Bull Soc Path Exot 26:979–981
Rice TB (1930) Use of bacteriophage filtrates in treatment of suppurative conditions: report of 300 cases. Am J Med Sci 179:345–360
Riding D (1930) Acute bacillary dysentery in Khartoum province, Sudan, with special reference to bacteriophage treatment: bacteriological investigation. J Hyg (Lond) 30:387–401. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022172400010512. Accessed on Sept 2019
Rodigina AM (1938) Pneumococcal bacteriophage: its application for treatment of the ulcerous corneal serpens. Sov Stomatol (“Sovetskaya Stomatologia”). Perm, Russia 1:11–20
Rohde C, Resch G, Pirnay JP, Blasdel BG, Debarbieux L, Gelman D, Górski A, Hazan R, Huys I, Kakabadze E, Łobocka M, Maestri A, Almeida G, Makalatia K, Malik DJ, Mašlanová I, Merabishvili M, Pantucek R, Rose T, Štveráková D, Van Raemdonck H, Verbeken G, Chanishvili N (2018) Expert opinion on three phage therapy related topics: bacteriophage resistance, phage training and Prophages in bacterial production strains. Viruses 10:178–193
Rolleston JD (1926) Vorläufiger Bericht der staatlichen Untersuchungs-kommission über die Typhus-Epidemie in Hannover Herbst 1926. Klin Wochenschr 5:2412–2414. https://www.cabdirect.org/cabdirect/abstract/19272701009. Accessed on 2 Sept 2019
Ruchko I, Tretyak K (1936) Therapeutic effect of Staphylococcus phage for oral and dental infections. Sov Stomatol 6:35–40
Ruska H (1940) Die Sichtbarmachung der bakteriophagen Lyse im Ubermikroskop. Naturwissen 28:45–46. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01486931. Accessed on 2 Sept 2019
Samsygina GA (1985) Purulent-inflammatory infections of newborns (etiology, risk factors, clinical-immunology criteria for diagnostics and therapeutic tactics). Moscow, Doct Dis
Samsygina GA, Boni EG (1984) Bacteriophages and phage therapy in pediatric practice. Pediatrics 4:67–68
Sapir IB (1939) Observations and recommendations related to phage therapy of dysentery. In: Proceedings of the Moscow Institute of Infectious Diseases after II Mechnikov, pp 135–151
Sayamov RM (1963) Treatment and prophylaxis of cholera with bacteriophage. Bull World Health Organ 28:361–367
Schless RA (1932) Staphylococcus aureus meningitis: treatment with specific bacteriophage. Am J Dis Child 44:813–822
Shvelidze KD (1970) Treatment of deep forms of Staphylococcal dermatitis with the staphylococcal bacteriophage and some aspects of immune reaction. Cand Dis” Tbilisi
Sirbiladze NY (1942) Anaerobic micro-flora of wounds and their phage therapy. In: Phage therapy of wounds in the conditions of evacuation hospital. GruzMedGiz, Tbilisi, pp 66–71
Skvirskyi PV, Sinitskyi AA, Lisyanskaya SM (1938) About specific effectiveness of bacteriophages therapy of typhoid fever and Para-typhi. Sov Med Gazette 17-18:764–781
Spence RC, McKinley EB (1924) Therapeutic value of bacteriophage in treatment of bacillary dysentery. South Med J 17:563–568. https://doi.org/10.1097/00007611-192408000-00005. Accessed on 2 Sept 2019
Stone FM, Hobby GL (1934) A coccoid form of C. diphtheriae susceptible to bacteriophage. J Bact 27:403–417
Stout BF (1933) Bacteriophage therapy. Texas State J Med 29:205–209
Summers WC (1999) Felix d’Herelle and the origins of molecular biology. Conn: Yale University Press, New Haven
Summers WC (2001) Bacteriophage therapy. Annu Rev Microbiol 55:437–451
Summers WC (2012) The strange history of phage therapy. Bacteriophage 2(2):130–133. https://doi.org/10.4161/bact.20757. Accessed on 2 Sept 2019
Sutin IA (1947) Bacteriophage and its use in medical practice. Stalingrad
Tavberidze LN (1993) Post-traumatic treatment of the long bones. Tbilisi, Cand Dis
Town AE, Frisbee FC (1932) Bacteriophage in ophthalmology. Arch Ophthalmol 8(5):683-689 https://doi.org/10.1001/archopht.1932.00820180055005. Accessed on 2 Sept 2019
Tsulukidze AP (1940) Phage treatment in surgery. Surgery (“Khirurgia”) 12:132–133
Tsulukidze AP (1941) Experience of use of bacteriophages in the conditions of war traumatism. Medgiz, Tbilisi, pp 334–418
Tsulukidze AP (1942a) Bacteriophage treatment of anaerobic infection. In: Phage therapy of wounds in the conditions of evacuation hospital. GruzMedGiz, Tbilisi, pp 3–18
Tsulukidze AP (1942b) To the issue of bacteriophage therapy of the soft tissue injuries. In: Phage therapy of wounds in the conditions of evacuation hospital. GruzMedGiz, Tbilisi, pp 45–53
Tsulukidze AP (1957) Results of phage application for treatment of surgical infections. In: Bacteriophages. Tbilisi, Georgia, pp 99–108
Twort F (1915) An investigation on the nature of ultramicroscopic viruses. Lancet 11:1241
Typhus-Epidemie in Hannover Killerkeime aus dem Wasserhahn (2011). Speigel Online. http://www.spiegel.de/einestages/typhus-epidemie-in-hannover-a-947264.html. Accessed on 2 Sept 2019
Vartapetov AY (1941) Predictive significance of correspondence of the results of in vitro and in vivo lyses in cases of treatment of pyodermatitis. In: Selected Articles of the Institute of Dermatology and Veneric Diseases, Tbilisi, vol 2–3, pp 93–97
Vartapetov AY (1947) Results of phage therapy of deep forms of pyodermitis. In: Selected articles of the Institute of Dermatology and Veneric Diseases, Tbilisi, pp 205–207
Vartapetov AY (1957) Bacteriophage therapy of deep forms of staphylococcal dermatitis, In: Bacteriophage Research In: Selected Articles of Inter-Institutional Conference held in Tbilisi on October, 26–29, 1955, pp 411–426
Vartapetov AY, Gogolashvili RA, Tsaava AA, Gilels A, Soboleva VA (1974) Experience of introduction of phage therapy into practice of some industrial manufacturing facilities for prophylaxis of deep forms of Staphylo-dermitis. In: Selected articles of the Jubilee symposium dedicated to the 50th anniversary of the Tbilisi Institute of Vaccine and Sera, Tbilisi, pp 147–149
Vlasov KF, Artemenko EA (1946) Treatment of chronic dysentery. Sov Med (“Sovetskaya Medicina”) 10:22–28
Yermolieva ZV (1939) About bacteriophage and its application (review). J Microb Epidemiol Immun (JMEI) 9:9–17
Yermolieva ZV (1942) Cholera (monograph). Moscow, Medizdat
Yermolieva ZV, Yakobson NM (1943) Diagnostics of cholera and effect of phage prophylaxis during the cholera outbreaks. Achievements of the Soviet Medicine during the years of Patriotic War Moscow 1:50–64
Yermolieva ZV, Yakobson NM (1949) Bacteriophage. In: Microbiology research methods for infectious diseases. Moscow
Yukelis II (1946) Treatment of patients with furuncles and other pustular diseases with Di-phage. Military Med J 6:14–16
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2021 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this entry
Cite this entry
Chanishvili, N., Alavidze, Z. (2021). Early Therapeutic and Prophylactic Uses of Bacteriophages. In: Harper, D.R., Abedon, S.T., Burrowes, B.H., McConville, M.L. (eds) Bacteriophages. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-41986-2_12
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-41986-2_12
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-41985-5
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-41986-2
eBook Packages: Biomedical and Life SciencesReference Module Biomedical and Life Sciences