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Effect of Size and Functionalization of Pharmaceutical Nanoparticles and Their Interaction with Biological Systems

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Handbook of Nanoparticles

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Abstract

This work reflects the need to have information on physicochemical properties of pharmaceutical nanoparticles and their interaction with biological systems, especially properties like particle size and surface functionalization that give special features when nanoparticles go through membranes, during opsonization, against immunogenicity, different toxicities, etc. This work aims to help new researchers to better understand the close relationship between pharmaceutical nanoparticles and their properties and their effects on biological systems and also contribute to nanotechnologists to take into account this situation and be aware that their responsibility does not end with the development and manufacture of these nanosystems.

This chapter was written for specialist in different areas to enrich its content, and it is not the vision of a single author. We collaborated in this document nanotechnologists, toxicologists, and pharmaceutical technologists to give a critical approach to the imminent progress of nanotechnology in many areas of the knowledge such as pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, foods, chemical industry, computer industry, etc. Interaction of nanoparticles with human tissues, plants, animals, soils, water, air, etc. is inevitable because in the future, nanoparticles will be an important source of pollution and we must know how they interact with the surroundings depending on their physicochemical properties. Currently, a new branch of Nanotechnology called Nanotoxicology has been developed to deal with these dilemmas and in the future will be much more important than nowadays. Standardized protocols must be established to evaluate the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity caused by nanostructures.

This work is dedicated to José Roberto, Paulina, and Ximena.

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Abbreviations

BBB:

Blood–brain barrier

CBO-P11 or cyclo-VEGI:

Cyclopeptidic vascular endothelial growth inhibitor

DNA:

Deoxyribonucleic acid

EPR effect:

Enhanced permeability and retention effect

miRNA:

microRNA, small noncoding RNA molecule

nm:

Nanometer

P450:

Cytochrome P450

PAA:

Poly(acrylic acid)

pDNA:

Plasmid DNA

PEG:

Polyethylene glycol

P-gp:

P-glycoprotein

PVA:

Polyvinyl alcohol

PVDF:

Poly(vinylidene fluoride)

RME:

Receptor-mediated endocytosis

siRNA:

Small interfering RNA or silencing RNA

VEGF:

Vascular endothelial growth factor

μm:

Micrometer

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Acknowledgments

The authors acknowledge to the projects UNAM-DGAPA, PAPIIT IN219715 and UNAM-FESC, PIAPIC-18.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory 9: Toxicology and Genetics. Unidad de Investigación Multidisciplinaria. Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Km 2.5 Carretera Cuautitlán–Teoloyucan, San Sebastián Xhala, CP 54714, Cuautitlán Izcalli, Estado de México, Mexico

    Roberto Díaz-Torres & Patricia Ramírez-Noguera

  2. Laboratory 5: LEDEFAR. Unidad de Investigación Multidisciplinaria. Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Km 2.5 Carretera Cuautitlán–Teoloyucan, San Sebastián Xhala, CP 54714, Cuautitlán Izcalli, Estado de México, Mexico

    Raquel López-Arellano

  3. Laboratory 12: Sistemas Transdérmicos y Materiales Nanoestructurados. Unidad de Investigación Multidisciplinaria. Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Km 2.5 Carretera Cuautitlán–Teoloyucan, San Sebastián Xhala, CP 54714, Cuautitlán Izcalli, Estado de México, Mexico

    José Juan Escobar-Chávez &  Clara Luisa Domínguez-Delgado

  4. Psicofarma S.A. de C.V., Calz. de Tlalpan #4369, CP 14050, Col. Toriello Guerra, Mexico

    Elizabeth García-García

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  1. Roberto Díaz-Torres
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  2. Raquel López-Arellano
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  3. José Juan Escobar-Chávez
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  4. Elizabeth García-García
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  5. Clara Luisa Domínguez-Delgado
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  6. Patricia Ramírez-Noguera
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Correspondence to Patricia Ramírez-Noguera .

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  1. Materials Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran

    Mahmood Aliofkhazraei

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Díaz-Torres, R., López-Arellano, R., Escobar-Chávez, J.J., García-García, E., Domínguez-Delgado, .L., Ramírez-Noguera, P. (2015). Effect of Size and Functionalization of Pharmaceutical Nanoparticles and Their Interaction with Biological Systems. In: Aliofkhazraei, M. (eds) Handbook of Nanoparticles. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-13188-7_46-1

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