Fig. 8
Schematic representation of a LFA strip, (a) sample pad (sample inlet and filtering), conjugate pad (AuNP-antibody conjugates), incubation, and detection zone with test and control lines (antigen detection and functionality test) and final absorbent pad (liquid actuation); (b) sample is applied to the sample pad and the analyte binds to the AuNP-antibody conjugates and elutes with the buffer flow, and this analyte-AuNP-antibody conjugates bind to the test line (positive result). If the analyte is absent, the AuNP-antibody conjugates bind only to the control line (negative and control result) (Reprinted with permission from Gubala et al. [36]. Copyright 2011 American Chemical Society)