Abstract
This chapter on francophone language socialization defines la francophonie as the many nations, neighborhoods, and institutions where a variety of French is spoken as a result of the political and cultural reach of the French state, ranging from regions of France and its overseas territories to parts of the world marked by prior colonization such as Québec and creole-speaking parts of the Caribbean. Reviewed here are studies that illuminate how French in its many varieties (from the “standards” taught in classrooms and other institutions to the French-related vernaculars used in homes and streets) are socialized, as well as how the associated behaviors, ideologies, and identities are reproduced and transformed via social interaction in these settings throughout la francophonie. The chapter highlights research that employs classic language socialization methodology – that is, research which entails long-term ethnographic fieldwork as well as the recording, transcription, and analysis of natural discourse among “novices” and “experts.” However, because this form of intensive language socialization research is still rare within la francophonie, other studies are considered as well – that is, research that was conducted primarily through surveys, interviews, generalized observations, and various forms of testing, in order to reconstruct the forces and processes involved in language socialization within a particular speech community. The chapter promotes the growing tendency to integrate a politically focused sociolinguistic analysis into the language socialization studies conducted in francophone settings.
References
Barnèche, S. (2005). Vie urbaine et transmission des langues à Nouméa [Urban life and the transmission of languages in Noumea]. Glottopol, 5, 67–91.
Boudreau, A., & Perrot, M.-E. (2005). Quel français enseigner en milieu minoritaire ? Minorités et contact de langues : Le cas de l’Acadie [What French should be taught in minority contexts? Minorities and language contact: The Acadian case]. Glottopol, 6, 7–21.
Bourdieu, P. (1982/1991). Ce que parler veut dire. Paris: Fayard. Language and symbolic power (trans: Thompson, J. B.). Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Bourdieu, P., & Passeron, J-C. (1970/1990). La reproduction: Eléments pour une théorie du système d’enseignement. Paris: Editions de Minuit. Reproduction in education, society and culture (2nd ed.) (trans: Nice, R.). Los Angeles: SAGE.
Carlson Berg, L. (2010). Experiences of newcomers to Fransaskois schools: Opportunities for community collaboration. McGill Journal of Education / Revue des sciences de l’éducation de McGill, 45(2), 287–304.
Carlson Berg, L. (2014). La francophonie canadienne dans toutes ses couleurs et les défis de l’inclusion scolaire [Canadian francophonie in all its colors and the challenges of educational inclusion]. Laval: Presses de l’Université Laval.
Costa, J. (2017). Revitalising language in provence: A critical approach. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell.
Costa, J., & Lambert, P. (2009). France and language(s): Old policies and new challenges in education. Towards a renewed framework? In CIDREE yearbook: Language policy and practice in Europe – Emerging challenges and innovative responses (pp. 15–26). Brussels: CIDREE/DVO.
Dalley, P., & Villella, M. (2015). La formation à l’enseignement en Ontario français [The education of teachers in French Ontario]. Formation et profession, 23(3), 156–162.
Doucet, R. C. (2003). Language ideology, socialization and pedagogy in Haitian schools and society. PhD dissertation, New York University.
Garrett, P. (2005). What a language is good for: Language socialization, language shift, and the persistence of code-specific genres in St. Lucia. Language in Society, 34(3), 327–361.
Gérin-Lajoie, D. (Ed.). (2006). La contribution de l’ecole au processus de construction identitaire des elèves dans une société pluraliste [School’s contribution to the process of identity construction of students in a pluralist society]. Education et francophonie, 34(1), http://www.acelf.ca/c/revue/pdf/ACELF_XXXIV_1.pdf
Ghesquière, M., & Meurant, L. (2016). L’envers de la broderie. Une pédagogie bilingue français-langue des signes [The backside of the embroidery: A case of bilingual (French and sign language) pedagogy]. Glottopol, 27, 95–111.
Ghimenton, A., & Costa, L. (2016). Code-switching et socialisation plurilingue au sein de trois familles italophones en France [Code-switching and multilingual socialization at home among Italian-speaking families in France]. In M. Langner & V. Jovanovic (Eds.), Facetten der Mehrsprachigkeit. Reflets du plurilinguisme (pp. 97–117). Bern: Peter Lang.
Heller, M. (1994). Crosswords: Language, ethnicity and education in French Ontario. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
Heller, M. (2011). Paths to postnationalism: A critical ethnography of language and identity. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Heller, M., & Martin-Jones, M. (Eds.). (2001). Voices of authority: Education and linguistic difference. Westport: Ablex.
Jaffe, A. (1999). Ideologies in action: Language politics on Corsica. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
Jaffe, A. (2009). Stance in a Corsican school: Institutional and ideological orders. In A. Jaffe (Ed.), Stance: Sociolinguistic perspectives (pp. 119–145). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Jaffe, A. (2016). Labels, cultural and moral orders: Schooling consumers to premium prices for Corsican charcuterie. Minneapolis: American Anthropological Association Conference.
Jeanneret, T., & Zeiter, A.-C. (2013). Socialisation langagière et agentivité du sujet [Language socialization and agency of the subject]. Bulletin Suisse de Linguistique Appliqué [special issue], 63–75. http://www.vals-asla.ch/cms/fr/bulletin/numeros_parus.html.
Kinginger, C. (2008). Language learning in study abroad: Case studies of Americans in France. Modern Language Journal, Monograph Series, 1, 1–124.
Kinginger, C. (2013). Language socialization in study abroad. In C. Chapelle (Ed.), The encyclopedia of applied linguistics. Malden: Blackwell. doi:10.1002/9781405198431.wbeal1121.
Koven, M. (2007). Selves in two languages: Bilinguals’ verbal enactments of identity in French and Portuguese. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Lafontaine, L., & Le Cunff, C. (2006). Les représentations de l’enseignement de l’oral [Representations of the teaching of oral competence]. Québec français, 141, 87–89.
Lamarre, P., & Rossell Paredes, J. (2003). Growing up trilingual in Montreal: Perceptions of college students. In R. Bayley & S. R. Schecter (Eds.), Language socialization in bilingual and multilingual societies (pp. 62–80). Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.
Lamarre, P., Lamarre, S., & Lefranc, M. (2015). La socialisation langagière comme processus dynamique [Language socialization as a dynamic process]. Québec: Conseil supérieur de la langue française. http://www.cslf.gouv.qc.ca/publications/pubf329/f329.pdf
Lambert, P. (2005). Les répertoires plurilectaux de jeunes filles d’un lycée professionnel. Une approche sociolinguistique ethnographique, Thèse de doctorat sous la dir. de J. Billiez, Université Stendhal Grenoble 3.
Lambert, P., & Trimaille, C. (2011). Sociolinguistique des pratiques langagières de jeunes en France et language socialization: Potentialité des contacts. [The sociolinguistics of youth language in France and language socialization: Potential bridges]. Montreal: American Anthropological Association Conference.
Leconte, F. (2005). Récits d’enfants bilingues [Stories of bilingual children]. Glottopol, 5, 27–43.
Leconte, F., & Mortamet, C. (2005). Les représentations du plurilinguisme des adolescents scolarisés en classe d’accueil [Representations of multilingualism by adolescents in immigrant welcome classes]. Glottopol, 6, 22–57.
Léglise, I., & Migge, B. (Eds.). (2007). Pratiques et représentations linguistiques en Guyane : Regards croisés [Linguistic practices and ideologies in French Guiana]. Paris: IRD Editions.
Luna, S., & Parisot, A.-M. (2016). Méthodes d’enseignement institutionnelles québécoises : Effets sur la production d’oralisations en LSQ chez les ainés sourds [The effects of Quebecois institutional teaching methods on the oralization of Quebec sign language by deaf elders]. Glottopol, 27, 112–129.
Marshall, K. K., & Bokhorst-Heng, W. (2016). Caught in the Cultural Abyss: French Immersion Teacher Discourse in the context of unequal power relations. Orlando, FL: AAAL Conference.
McAll, C. (2003). Language dynamics in the bi- and multilingual workplace. In R. Bayley & S. R. Schecter (Eds.), Language socialization in bilingual and multilingual societies (pp. 235–250). Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.
Miller, P. J., Koven, M., & Lin, S. (2011). Language socialization and narrative. In A. Duranti, E. Ochs, & B. B. Schieffelin (Eds.), Handbook of language socialization (pp. 190–208). Malden: Blackwell.
Mondada, L., & Laurent, G. (2001). Classroom interaction and the bilingual resources of migrant students in Switzerland. In M. Heller & M. Martin-Jones (Eds.), Voices of authority: Education and linguistic difference (pp. 235–268). Westport, CT: Ablex Publishing.
Moore, L. C. (2006). Learning by heart in Koranic and public schools in northern Cameroon. Social Analysis: The International Journal of Cultural and Social Practice, 50(3), 109–126.
Morgenstern, A., Debras, C., Beaupoil-Hourdel, P., Le Mené, M., Caët, S., & Kremer-Sadlik, T. (2015). L’art de l’artichaut et autres rituels: Transmission de pratiques sociales et alimentaires dans les diners familiaux parisiens [The art of the artichoke and other rituals: Transmission of social and dining practices during Parisian family dinners]. Anthropology of Food, 9. https://aof.revues.org/7836 on 7/15/16
Ndayipfukamiye, L. (2001). The contradictions of teaching bilingually in postcolonial burundi: From nyakatsi to maisons en étages. In M. Heller & M. Martin-Jones (Eds.), Voices of authority: Education and linguistic difference (pp. 101–115). Westport, CT: Ablex Publishing.
Patrick, D. (2003). Language socialization and second language acquisition in a multilingual arctic Quebec Community. In R. Bayley & S. R. Schecter (Eds.), Language socialization in bilingual and multilingual societies (pp. 165–181). Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.
Paugh, A. (2012). Playing with languages: Children and change in a Caribbean village. New York: Berghahn Books.
Rabain-Jamin, J., & Sabeau-Jouannet, E. (1995). Genèse des marques de la personne en français et en wolof : Les premier dialogues mère-enfant [The origins of person markers in French and in Wolof: The first mother-child dialogues]. La Linguistique, 31(1), 65–79.
Rabain-Jamin, J., & Sabeau-Jouannet, E. (1997). Maternal speech to 4-month-old infants in two cultures: Wolof and French. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 20(3), 425–451.
Riley, K. C. (2007). To tangle or not to tangle: Shifting language ideologies and the socialization of Charabia in the Marquesas, French Polynesia. In M. Makihara & B. B. Schieffelin (Eds.), Consequences of contact: Language ideologies and sociocultural transformations in Pacific societies (pp. 70–95). New York: Oxford University Press.
Riley, K. C. (2009). Who made the soup? Socializing the researcher and cooking her data. Language and Communication, 29(3), 254–270.
Riley, K. C. (2011). Language socialization and language ideologies. In A. Duranti, E. Ochs, & B. B. Schieffelin (Eds.), Handbook of language socialization (pp. 493–514). Malden: Blackwell.
Riley, K. C. (2012). Learning to exchange words for food in the Marquesas. In L. Coleman (Ed.), Food: Ethnographic encounters (pp. 111–125). Oxford: Berg Publishers.
Riley, K. C. (2013). L’idéologie hétéroglossique et l’identité dialogique à Montréal [Heteroglossic ideologies and dialogic identities in Montreal]. In C. Trimaille & J.-M. Eloy (Eds.), Idéologies linguistiques et discriminations [Linguistic ideologies and discriminations] (pp. 59–83). Paris: Harmattan.
Riley, K. C. (2014). Language socialization. In C. Fäcke (Ed.), Manual of language acquisition (pp. 69–86). Berlin: Walter De Gruyter.
Riley, K. C. (2016). Learning to talk while eating: Food-and-language socialization in the Marquesas and France. Invited lecture at the 50th Anniversary of the Anthropology Department, CUNY Graduate Center, New York.
Riley, K. C., & Tetahiotupa, E. (2006). Learning to use Charabia in the Marquesas. Montréal: French Polynesia. American Association for Applied Linguistics.
Roy, S. (2003). Bilingualism and standardization in a Canadian call center: Challenges for a linguistic minority community. In R. Bayley & S. R. Schecter (Eds.), Language socialization in bilingual and multilingual societies (pp. 269–285). Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.
Roy, S. (2010). Not truly, not entirely…Pas comme les francophones [Not like the francophones]. Canadian Journal of Education, 33(3), 541–563.
Sabria, R. (Ed.). (2016). Les langues des signes. Langues minoritaires et sociétés [insert translation]. Glottopol, 27 [special issue].
Salaün, M. (2010). Un colonialisme glottophage ? L’enseignement de la langue française dans les écoles indigènes en Nouvelle-Calédonie (1863–1945) [Colonial linguicide? Teaching French at indigenous schools in New Caledonia]. Histoire de l’éducation, 128, 53–77.
Salaün, M. (2012). Quand la langue d’origine rencontre la forme scolaire : Le cas du tahitien en Polynésie française [When the home language meets the school variety: The case of Tahitian in French Polynesia]. Revue française d’éducation comparée, 8, 185–206.
Salaün, M. (2015). Des Kanak au Québec. L’expérience de de jeunes autochtones calédoniens en formation aux métiers de la mine à Rouyn et à de Sept-Îles. [The experience of young Caledonians while training for mine employment in Rouyn and Sept-Iles]. Recherches amérindiennes au Québec, 44(2–3), 55–62.
Schieffelin, B. B. (1994). Code-switching and language socialization. In J. Duchan, L. Hewitt, & R. Sonnenmeier (Eds.), Pragmatics: From theory to practice (pp. 20–42). Prentice Hall: New York.
Tessoneau, A. L. (2005). Learning respect in Guadeloupe: Greetings and politeness rituals. In S. Mühleisen & B. Migge (Eds.), Politeness and face in Caribbean creoles (pp. 255–282). Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Tetahiotupa, E. (1999). Bilinguisme et scolarisation en Polynésie française. Doctoral thesis, Université de Paris I. [Bilingualism and Schooling in French Polynesia.].
Tetrault, C. (2015). Transcultural teens: Performing youth identities in French cités. Malden: Wiley-Blackwell.
Trimaille, C. (2003). Approche sociolinguistique de la socialisation langagière d’adolescents [A sociolinguistic approach to the language socialization of adolescents]. Ph.D dissertation, Université Stendhal – Grenoble III.
Trimaille, C. (2007). Stylisation vocale et autres procédés dialogiques dans la socialisation langagière adolescente [Vocal stylization and other dialogic processes in adolescent language socialization]. Cahiers de Praxématique, 47, 183–206.
Van Den Avenne, C. (2001). De l’expérience plurilingue à l’expérience diglossique: Migrants maliens en France [From multilingualism to diglossia: Malian migrants in France]. Cahiers d’Etudes africaines, 163–164, 619–636. http://etudesafricaines.revues.org/112
Williams, R. S., & Riley, K. C. (2001). Acquiring a slice of Anglo-American pie: A portrait of language shift in a Franco-American family. In R. D. González & I. Melis (Eds.), Language ideologies: Critical perspectives on the official English movement, History, theory, and policy (Vol. 2, pp. 63–90). Mahwah: Lawrence Erlbaum.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2017 Springer International Publishing AG
About this entry
Cite this entry
Riley, K.C. (2017). Language Socialization in Francophone Communities. In: Duff, P., May, S. (eds) Language Socialization. Encyclopedia of Language and Education. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-02327-4_31-1
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-02327-4_31-1
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-02327-4
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-02327-4
eBook Packages: Springer Reference EducationReference Module Humanities and Social SciencesReference Module Education