Abstract
The challenges for an aging woman in the Arab world are complex and encompass many facets. Some of the health issues are focused on the aging process, which considers a cultural and religious perspective to effectively and successfully improve the health of the aging woman. One of the biggest dilemmas faced by the aging Arab woman is the end of childbearing years and the beginning of menopause. The changes and challenges that accompany menopause are often addressed by considering hormone replacement therapy for the diminishing hormone levels present during childbearing years. The status of hormone replacement use, the pros and the cons, and other considerations, such as complementary and alternative therapy to address the aging process, especially in the Arab world, are discussed in this chapter.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Avis NE, Stellato R, Crawford S, Bromberger J, Ganz P, Cain V, Kagawa-Singer M (2001) Is there a menopausal syndrome? Menopausal status and symptoms across racial/ethnic groups. Soc Sci Med 52(3):345–356
Giannoulis MGMartin FC, Nair KS, Umpleby AM, Sonksen P (2012) Hormone replacement therapy and physical function in healthy older men: time to talk hormones? Endocr Rev 33(3):314–377. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1210/er.2012-1002
Gold EB, Sternfeld B, Kelsey JL, Brown C, Mouton C, Reame N, Stellato R (2000) Relation of demographic and lifestyle factors to symptoms in a multi-racial/ethnic population of women 40–55 years of age. Am J Epidemiol 152(5):463–473. https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/152.5.463
Jonklaas J, Bianco AC, Bauer AJ, Burman KD, Cappola AR, Celi FS, Sawka AM (2014) Guidelines for the treatment of hypothyroidism: prepared by the American thyroid association task force on thyroid hormone replacement. Thyroid 24(12):1670–1751. https://doi.org/10.1089/thy.2014.0028
Katz V, Lentz G, Lobo R, Gershenson D (2012) Chapter 14 Menopause and care of the mature woman: endocrinology, consequences of estrogen deficiency, effects of hormone replacement therapy, treatment regimes. In: Comprehensive gynecology, 6th edn. Elsevier Mosby, Philadelphia
Kuh DL, Hardy R, Wadsworth M (1997) Women’s health in midlife: the influence of the menopause, social factors, and health in earlier life. BJOG Int J Obstet Gynaecol 104:1419. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0528.1997.tb11016.x
Lock MM (1993) Encounters with aging: mythologies of menopause in Japan and North America. University of California Press, London. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2027/heb.04079.0001.001
Park P, Cohen P (2005) X insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) measurements in growth hormone (GH) therapy of idiopathic short stature (ISS). Growth Horm IGF Res 15:13–20. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ghir.2005.06.011
Rossouw JE, Anderson GL, Prentice RL, LaCroix AZ, Kooperberg C, Stefanick ML, Ockene J (2002) Risks and benefits of estrogen plus progestin in healthy postmenopausal women: principal results from the women’s health initiative randomized controlled trial. JAMA 288(3):321–333
Rymer J, Wilson R, Ballard K (2003) Making decisions about hormone replacement therapy. BMJ 326(7384):322
Shoupe D (2011) Individualizing hormone therapy to minimize risk: accurate assessment of risks and benefits. Womens Health 7(4):475–485. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.2217/whe.11.42
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2021 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this entry
Cite this entry
Inman, W., Heaston, A., Briggs, R., Theriot, R. (2021). Hormone Replacement Therapy. In: Laher, I. (eds) Handbook of Healthcare in the Arab World. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-36811-1_8
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-36811-1_8
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-36810-4
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-36811-1
eBook Packages: Social SciencesReference Module Humanities and Social SciencesReference Module Business, Economics and Social Sciences