Definition
Audio streaming refers to the transfer of audio across the network such that the audio can be played by the receiver(s) in real-time as it is being transferred.
Introduction
Audio streaming can be for various live media, such as the Internet broadcast of a concert, or for stored media, such as listening to an online jukebox. Real-time transfer and playback are the keys in audio streaming. As such, other approaches, such as downloading an entire file before playing it, are not considered to be streaming. From a high-level perspective, an audio streaming system needs to address three issues: audio compression, dissemination over the network, and playback at the receiver.
Audio Compression
Whether the audio is coming from a pre-stored file, or is captured live, it needs to be compressed to make streaming practical over a network. Uncompressed audio is bulky and most of the time not appropriate for transmission over the network. For example, even a low-quality 8 KHz 8-bit speech...
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References
ITU-T G.711 Recommendation, “Pulse Code Modulation (PCM) of Voice Frequencies,” International Telecommunication Union, Telecommunication Standardization Sector.
ITU-T G.722 Recommendation, “7 KHz Audio-coding Within 64 Kbits/s,” International Telecommunication Union, Telecommunication Standardization Sector.
ITU-T G.723.1 Recommendation, “Dual rate speech coder for multimedia communications transmitting at 5.3 and 6.3 Kbit/s,” International Telecommunication Union, Telecommunication Standardization Sector.
ITU-T G.726 Recommendation, “40, 32, 24, 16 Kbit/s adaptive differential pulse code modulation (ADPCM),” International Telecommunication Union, Telecommunication Standardization Sector.
ITU-T G.728 Recommendation, “Coding of speech at 16 Kbit/s using low-delay code excited linear prediction,” International Telecommunication Union, Telecommunication Standardization Sector.
ITU-T G.729 Recommendation, “Coding of speech at 8 Kbit/s using conjugate-structure algebraic-code-excited linear-prediction (CS-ACELP),” International Telecommunication Union, Telecommunication Standardization Sector.
ISO/IEC 11172–3 “Information technology – Coding of moving pictures and associated audio for digital storage media at up to about 1,5 Mbit/s – Part 3: Audio,” International Organization for Standardization.
H. Schulzrinne, S. Casner, R. Frederick, and V. Jacobson, “RTP: A Transport Protocol for Real-Time Applications,” IETF RFC 1889, January 1996.
H. Schulzrinne, A. Rao, and R. Lanphier, “Real Time Streaming Protocol (RTSP),” IETF RFC 2326, April 1998.
D. Hoffman, G. Fernando, V. Goyal, and M. Civanlar, “RTP Payload Format for MPEG1/MPEG2 Video,” IETF RFC 2250, January 1998.
R. Finlayson, “A More Loss-Tolerant RTP Payload Format for MP3 Audio,” IETF RFC 3119, June 2001.
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© 2008 Springer-Verlag
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Shirmohammadi, S., de Oliveira, J.C. (2008). Audio Streaming. In: Furht, B. (eds) Encyclopedia of Multimedia. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-78414-4_334
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