Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Climate Monitoring and Prediction

  • Reference work entry
  • First Online:
Encyclopedia of Remote Sensing

Part of the book series: Encyclopedia of Earth Sciences Series ((EESS))

  • 389 Accesses

Definition

Climate. Time average of atmospheric properties. The objective of the temporal averaging is to establish a background state of behavior that is the most likely state of the atmosphere at any given time. Weather variations are considered to be superimposed on the background climate, while at any given location the climate is viewed as changing through the year; thus, a location has a different climate state for each month of the year. Spatial averaging is generally used as well, but if sufficiently detailed observations are available, microclimates of any desired scale can be defined. Climate variability is the year-to-year change in climate at a given location and time of year; if temporal and/or spatial coherence can be identified in these variations, coherent modes of climate variability such as the El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) or the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) may be described.

Climate monitoring. The practice of describing the current state of the climate...

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 329.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD 329.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Bibliography

  • Adler, R. F., Huffman, G. J., Chang, A., Ferraro, R., Xie, P., Janowiak, J., Rudolf, B., Schneider, U., Curtis, S., Bolvin, D., Gruber, A., Susskind, J., Arkin, P., and Nelkin, E., 2003. The version-2 global precipitation climatology project (GPCP) monthly precipitation analysis (1979-present). Journal of Hydrometeorology, 4(6), 1147–1167.

    Google Scholar 

  • Anyamba, A., Linthicum, K. J., Mahoney, R., Tucker, C. J., and Kelley, P. W., 2002. Mapping potential risk of rift valley fever outbreaks in African Savannas using vegetation index time series data. Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, 68(2), 137–145.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bhartia, P., McPeters, R., Mateer, C., Flynn, L., and Wellemeyer, C., 1996. Algorithm for the estimation of vertical ozone profiles from the backscattered ultraviolet technique. Journal of Geophysical Research, 101(D13), 18793–18806.

    Google Scholar 

  • Boken, V. K., Hoogenboom, G., Williams, J. H., Diarra, B., Dione, S., and Easson, G. L., 2007. Monitoring peanut contamination in Mali (Africa) using AVHRR satellite data and a crop simulation model. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 29(1), 117–129.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bromwich, D. H., and Fogt, R. L., 2004. Strong trends in the skill of the ERA-40 and NCEP–NCAR reanalyses in the high and midlatitudes of the southern hemisphere, 1958–2001. Journal of Climate, 17, 4603–4619.

    Google Scholar 

  • Burrows, J. P., Weber, M., Buchwitz, M., Rozanov, V., Ladstätter-Weißenmayer, A., Richter, A., DeBeek, R., Hoogen, R., Bramstedt, K., Eichmann, K. U., Eisinger, M., and Perner, D., 1999. The global ozone monitoring experiment (GOME): mission concept and first scientific results. Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, 56, 151–175.

    Google Scholar 

  • Coelho, C. A. S., Pezzulli, S., Balmaseda, M., Doblas-Reyes, F. J., and Stephenson, D. B., 2004. Forecast calibration and combination: a simple Bayesian approach for ENSO. Journal of Climate, 17, 1504–1516.

    Google Scholar 

  • de Toma, G., White, O. R., Chapman, G. A., and Walton, S. R., 2004. Solar irradiance variability: progress in measurement and empirical analysis. Advances in Space Research, 34, 237–242.

    Google Scholar 

  • Forster, P., Ramaswamy, V., Artaxo, P., Berntsen, T., Betts, R., Fahey, D. W., Haywood, J., Lean, J., Lowe, D. C., Myhre, G., Nganga, J., Prinn, R., Raga, G., Schulz, M., Van Dorland, R., Ramaswamy, V., Artaxo, P., Berntsen, T., Betts, R., Fahey, D. W., Haywood, J., Lean, J., Lowe, D. C., Myhre, G., Nganga, J., Prinn, R., Raga, G., Schulz, M., and Van Dorland, R., 2007. Changes in atmospheric constituents and in radiative forcing. In Solomon, S., Qin, D., Manning, M., Chen, Z., Marquis, M., Averyt, K. B., Tignor, M., and Miller, H. L. (eds.), Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fröhlich, C., 2007. Solar irradiance variability since 1978. Space Science Reviews, 125(1–4), 53–65.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fröhlich, C., and Lean, J., 2004. Solar radiative output and its variability: evidence and mechanisms. Astronomy and Astrophysics Review, 12, 273–320, doi:10.1007/s00159-004-0024-1.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Goddard, L., Mason, S. J., Zebiak, S. E., Ropelewski, C. F., Basher, R., and Cane, M. A., 2001. Current approaches to seasonal to interannual climate predictions. International Journal of Climatology, 21, 1111–1152.

    Google Scholar 

  • Graham, R. J., Gordon, M., Mclean, P. J., Ineson, S., Huddleston, M. R., Davey, M. K., Brookshaw, A., and Barnes, R. T. H., 2005. A performance comparison of coupled and uncoupled versions of the Met Office seasonal prediction general circulation model. Tellus A, 57(3), 320–339.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gupta, H., Sorooshian, S., Gao, X., Imam, B., Hsu, K., Bastidas, L., Li, J., and Mahani, S., 2002. The challenge of predicting flash floods from thunderstorm rainfall. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, 360(1796), 1363–1371.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harris, A., Rahman, S., Hossain, F., Yarborough, L., Bagtzoglou, A. C., and Easson, G., 2007. Satellite-based flood modeling using TRMM-based rainfall products. Sensors, 7, 3416–3427.

    Google Scholar 

  • Helfrich, S. R., McNamara, D., Ramsay, B. H., Baldwin, T., and Kasheta, T., 2007. Enhancements to, and forthcoming developments in the interactive multisensor snow and ice mapping system (IMS). Hydrological Processes, 21, 1576–1586.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hendrickx, G., Napala, A., Slingenbergh, J. H. W., De Deken, R., and Rogers, D. J., 2001. A contribution towards simplifying area-wide Tsetse surveys using medium resolution meteorological satellite data. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 91(5), 333–346.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hong, Y., Adler, R., and Huffman, G., 2006. Evaluation of the potential of NASA multi-satellite precipitation analysis in global landslide hazard assessment. Geophysical Research Letters, 33, L22402, doi:10.1029/2006GL028010.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hong, Y., Adler, R., and Huffman, G., 2007. An experimental global prediction system for rainfall-triggered landslides using satellite remote sensing and geospatial datasets. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 45(6), 1671–1680.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hoshen, M. B., and Morse, A. P., 2004. A weather-driven model of malaria transmission. Malaria Journal, 3, 32.

    Google Scholar 

  • Huffman, G. J., Adler, R. F., Arkin, P. A., Chang, A., Ferraro, R., Gruber, A., Janowiak, J., McNab, A., Rudolf, B., and Schneider, U., 1997. The global precipitation climatology project (GPCP) combined precipitation dataset. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 78(1), 5–20.

    Google Scholar 

  • Huffman, G. J., Adler, R. F., Bolvin, D. T., Gu, G., Nelkin, E. J., Bowman, K. P., Hong, Y., Stocker, E. F., and Wolff, D. B., 2007. The TRMM multisatellite precipitation analysis (TMPA): quasi-global, multiyear, combined-sensor precipitation estimates at fine scales. Journal of Hydrometeorology, 8(1), 38–55.

    Google Scholar 

  • Iguchi, T., Kozu, T., Meneghini, R., Awaka, J., and Okamoto, K., 2000. Rain-profiling algorithm for the TRMM precipitation radar. Journal of Applied Meteorology, 39, 2038–2052.

    Google Scholar 

  • Joyce, R. J., Janowiak, J. E., Arkin, P. A., and Xie, P., 2004. CMORPH: a method that produces global precipitation estimates from passive microwave and infrared data at high spatial and temporal resolution. Journal of Hydrometeorology, 5(3), 487–503.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kalnay, E., Kanamitsu, M., Kistler, R., Collins, W., Deaven, D., Gandin, L., Iredell, M., Saha, S., White, G., Woollen, J., Zhu, Y., Leetmaa, A., Reynolds, R., Chelliah, M., Ebisuzaki, W., Higgins, W., Janowiak, J., Mo, K., Ropelewski, C., Wang, J., Jenne, R., and Joseph, D., 1996. The NCEP/NCAR 40-year reanalysis project. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 77, 437–471.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kanamitsu, M., Ebisuzaki, W., Woollen, J., Yang, S. K., Hnilo, J. J., Fiorino, M., and Potter, G. L., 2002. NCEP–DOE AMIP-II reanalysis (R-2). Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 83, 1631–1643.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kummerow, C., Barnes, W., Kozu, T., Shiue, J., and Simpson, J., 1998. The tropical rainfall measuring mission (TRMM) sensor package. Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology, 15, 809–817.

    Google Scholar 

  • Landman, W. A., and Mason, S. J., 2001. Forecasts of near-global Sea surface temperatures using canonical correlation analysis. Journal of Climate, 14, 3819–3833.

    Google Scholar 

  • Latif, M., Roeckner, E., Botzet, M., Esch, M., Haak, H., Hagemann, S., Jungclaus, J., Legutke, S., Marsland, S., Mikolajewicz, U., and Mitchell, J., 2004. Reconstructing, monitoring, and predicting multidecadal-scale changes in the North Atlantic thermohaline circulation with Sea surface temperature. Journal of Climate, 17, 1605–1614.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lin, Y., and Mitchell, K. E., 2005. The NCEP stage II/IV hourly precipitation analyses: development and applications. In Preprints, 19th Conference on Hydrology. San Diego, CA: American Meteorological Society, P1.2.

    Google Scholar 

  • Linthicum, K. J., Anyamba, A., Tucker, C. J., Kelley, P. W., Myers, M. F., and Peters, C. J., 1999. Climate and satellite indicators to forecast rift valley fever epidemics in Kenya. Science, 285(5426), 397–400.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lobitz, B., Beck, L., Huq, A., Wood, B., Fuchs, G., Faruque, A. S. G., and Colwell, R., 2000. Climate and infectious disease: use of remote sensing for detection of Vibrio cholerae by indirect measurement. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 97(4), 1438–1443.

    Google Scholar 

  • Luo, J. J., Masson, S., Behera, S. K., and Yamagata, T., 2008. Extended ENSO predictions using a fully coupled ocean–atmosphere model. Journal of Climate, 21, 84–93.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mason, S. J., and Mimmack, G. M., 2002. Comparison of some statistical methods of probabilistic forecasting of ENSO. Journal of Climate, 15, 8–29.

    Google Scholar 

  • Maynard, J. A., Turner, P. J., Anthony, K. R. N., Baird, A. H., Berkelmans, R., Eakin, C. M., Johnson, J., Marshall, P. A., Packer, G. R., Rea, A., and Willis, B. L., 2008. ReefTemp: an interactive monitoring system for coral bleaching using high-resolution SST and improved stress predictors. Geophysical Research Letters, 35, L05603, doi:10.1029/2007GL032175.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mishchenko, M. I., Cairns, B., Kopp, G., Schueler, C. F., Fafaul, B. A., Hansen, J. E., Hooker, R. J., Itchkawich, T., Maring, H. B., and Travis, L. D., 2007. Accurate monitoring of terrestrial aerosols and total solar irradiance: introducing the glory mission. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 88, 677–691.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nghiem, S. V., Chao, Y., Neumann, G., Li, P., Perovich, D. K., Street, T., and Clemente-Colón, P., 2006. Depletion of perennial sea ice in the East Arctic Ocean. Geophysical Research Letters, 33, L17501, doi:10.1029/2006GL027198.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nicholas, R. E., and Battisti, D. S., 2008. Drought recurrence and seasonal rainfall prediction in the Río Yaqui Basin. Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology, 47, 991–1005.

    Google Scholar 

  • Onogi, K., Tsutsui, J., Koide, H., Sakamoto, M., Kobayashi, S., Hatsushika, H., Matsumoto, T., Yamazaki, N., Kamahori, H., Takahashi, K., Kadokura, S., Wada, K., Kato, K., Oyama, R., Ose, T., Mannoji, N., and Taira, R., 2007. The JRA-25 reanalysis. Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan, 85, 369–432.

    Google Scholar 

  • Randall, D. A., Wood, R. A., Bony, S., Colman, R., Fichefet, T., Fyfe, J., Kattsov, V., Pitman, A., Shukla, J., Srinivasan, J., Stouffer, R. J., Sumi, A., and Taylor, K. E., 2007. Cilmate models and their evaluation. In Solomon, S., Qin, D., Manning, M., Chen, Z., Marquis, M., Averyt, K. B., Tignor, M., and Miller, H. L. (eds.), Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Reynolds, R. W., and Smith, T. M., 1994. Improved global sea surface temperature analyses using optimum interpolation. Journal of Climate, 7, 929–948.

    Google Scholar 

  • Reynolds, R. W., Smith, T. M., Liu, C., Chelton, D. B., Casey, K. S., and Schlax, M. G., 2007. Daily high-resolution blended analyses for sea surface temperature. Journal of Climate, 20, 5473–5496.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rottman, G., 2006. Measurement of total and spectral solar irradiance. Space Science Reviews, 125(1–4), 39–51.

    Google Scholar 

  • Saha, S., Nadiga, S., Thiaw, C., Wang, J., Wang, W., Zhang, Q., Van den Dool, H. M., Pan, H. L., Moorthi, S., Behringer, D., Stokes, D., Peña, M., Lord, S., White, G., Ebisuzaki, W., Peng, P., and Xie, P., 2006. The NCEP climate forecast system. Journal of Climate, 19, 3483–3517.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stockdale, T. N., Anderson, D. L. T., Alves, J. O. S., and Balmaseda, M. A., 1998. Global seasonal rainfall forecasts using a coupled ocean–atmosphere model. Nature, 392, 370–373.

    Google Scholar 

  • Thomson, M. C., Mason, S. J., Phindela, T., and Connor, S. J., 2005. Use of rainfall and sea surface temperature monitoring for malaria early warning in Botswana. The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 73(1), 214–221.

    Google Scholar 

  • Thomson, M. C., Doblas-Reyes, F. J., Mason, S. J., Hagedorn, R., Connor, S. J., Phindela, T., Morse, A. P., and Palmer, T. N., 2006. Malaria early warnings based on seasonal climate forecasts from multi-model ensembles. Nature, 439(7076), 576–579.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tucker, C. J., 1979. Red and photographic infrared linear combinations for monitoring vegetation. Remote Sensing of Environment, 8(2), 127–150.

    Google Scholar 

  • Velicogna, I., and Wahr, J., 2006. Acceleration of Greenland ice mass loss in spring 2004. Nature, 443(7109), 329–331.

    Google Scholar 

  • Weng, F., Zhao, L., Poe, G., Ferraro, R., Li, X., and Grody, N., 2003. AMSU cloud and precipitation algorithms. Radio Science, 338, 8068–8079.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wilheit, T. T., Kummerow, C., and Ferraro, R., 2003. Rainfall algorithms for AMSR-E. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 41, 204–214.

    Google Scholar 

  • WMO (World Meteorological Organization), 2007. Scientific assessment of ozone depletion: 2006. Global Ozone Research and Monitoring Project – Report No. 50, Geneva: World Meteorological Organization, 572 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Woods, T. N., Eparvier, F. G., Fontenla, J., Harder, J., Kopp, G., McClintock, W. E., Rottman, G., Smiley, B., and Snow, M., 2004. Solar irradiance variability during the October 2003 solar storm period. Geophysical Research Letters, 31, L10802, doi:10.1029/2004GL019571.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Xie, P., and Arkin, P. A., 1997. Global precipitation: a 17-year monthly analysis based on gauge observations, satellite estimates, and numerical model outputs. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 78(11), 2539–2558.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. University of Maryland - College Park, College Park, MD, 20742, USA

    Mathew R. P. Sapiano

Authors
  1. Mathew R. P. Sapiano
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Mathew R. P. Sapiano .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA

    Eni G. Njoku

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2014 Springer Science+Business Media New York

About this entry

Cite this entry

Sapiano, M.R.P. (2014). Climate Monitoring and Prediction. In: Njoku, E.G. (eds) Encyclopedia of Remote Sensing. Encyclopedia of Earth Sciences Series. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-36699-9_16

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation