Abstract:
Oxidative stress is implicated in the pathophysiology of a number of neurodegenerative diseases. There is evolving evidence for a metabolic link between reactive oxygen species (ROS) and phospholipases A2 (PLA2), enzymes that hydrolyze fatty acyl groups from the sn-2 position of membrane glycerophospholipids. Increased production of ROS and upregulation of PLA2 are important factors underlying the progression of stroke and Alzheimer’s disease. The major goal of this review is to provide recent information on the oxidative and inflammatory pathways associated with PLA2 activation in neurons and glial cells, particularly, the group IV cytosolic PLA2 and the group II secretory PLA2. Special emphasis is placed on signaling pathways and NADPH oxidase, an enzyme producing superoxide anions. Understanding the involvement of these PLA2 in the oxidative and inflammatory environment in central nervous system is an important step for developing novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment and prevention of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Abbreviations
- AMPA:
-
2-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionate
- CDR:
-
clinical dementia ratings
- CNS:
-
central nervous system
- DHA:
-
docosahexaenoic acid
- FFA:
-
free fatty acids
- HNE:
-
hydroxynonenal
- LTP:
-
Long-term potentiation
- M-CSF:
-
macrophage colony stimulating factor
- MDA:
-
malondiadehyde
- MPTP:
-
1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine
- PCR (qPCR):
-
quantitative real-time
- PKC:
-
protein kinase C
- PLA2 :
-
phospholipases A2
- PLC:
-
phospholipase C
- PUFA:
-
polyunsaturated fatty acids
- ROS:
-
reactive oxygen species
- SPAN:
-
snake presynaptic PLA2 neurotoxin
- TR-FIA:
-
time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay
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Sun, G.Y., Sun, A.Y., Horrocks, L.A., Simonyi, A. (2009). Roles of Cytosolic and Secretory Phospholipases A2 in Oxidative and Inflammatory Signaling Pathways in the CNS. In: Lajtha, A., Tettamanti, G., Goracci, G. (eds) Handbook of Neurochemistry and Molecular Neurobiology. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-30378-9_20
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