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Clinical Considerations in Translational Research with Chronic Spinal Cord Injury: Intervention Readiness and Intervention Impact

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Handbook of Neurochemistry and Molecular Neurobiology

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Abstract:

Despite the extensive efforts to identify interventions that can be successfully translated to promote functional recovery after chronic spinal cord injury (SCI), investigators have neglected the viability of interventions given the cumulative physiologic decline resulting from the SCI. Two concepts are introduced including intervention readiness and intervention impact. The former concept refers to the accumulation of secondary conditions and health decline over time after SCI and the extent to which these factors may be evaluated to determine whether a given intervention is feasible. The latter concept refers to the actual impact of an intervention on all outcomes, including overall health, participation, and quality of life. We have highlighted an existing body of literature on physiologic decline after SCI (e.g., loss in bone density and muscle mass), as well as research on individuals with chronic, ambulatory, incomplete SCI that identifies heightened risk of secondary conditions associated with incomplete ambulation. Individuals with incomplete ambulatory SCI represent a type of natural experiment that can be used to glimpse the future of SCI and help us prepare for the increasing portion of individuals with incomplete injuries. We must balance our zeal for identification of interventions to restore function with research that helps us to realistically appraise the extent to which those with chronic SCI are likely to be ready for and benefit from such interventions.

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Abbreviations

BMD:

bone mineral density

BWSTT:

body weight supported treadmill training

CAD:

coronary artery disease

CSAs:

cross sectional areas

CVD:

cardiovascular disease

DEXA:

dual energy X-ray absorptiometry

FES:

functional electrical stimulation

IMF:

intramuscular fat

RGO-II:

reciprocal gait orthosis II

SCI:

spinal cord injury

SCI-FAI:

spinal cord injury functional ambulation inventory

WISCI:

walking index for spinal cord injury

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Authors
  1. J. S. Krause
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  2. S. D. Newman
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  3. S. S. Brotherton
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Center for Neurochemistry, Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, 10962, 140 Old Orangeburg Road, Orangeburg, New York, USA

    Abel Lajtha (Director) (Director)

  2. Department of Neurosciences Division of Neurology, Medical University of South Carolina, 29425, 96 Jonathan Lucas Street, Suite 309, Charleston, SC, USA

    Naren Banik

  3. Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, 29209, 6439 Garners Ferry Road Building 2, Room C11, Columbia, SC, USA

    Swapan K. Ray

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Krause, J.S., Newman, S.D., Brotherton, S.S. (2009). Clinical Considerations in Translational Research with Chronic Spinal Cord Injury: Intervention Readiness and Intervention Impact. In: Lajtha, A., Banik, N., Ray, S.K. (eds) Handbook of Neurochemistry and Molecular Neurobiology. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-30375-8_24

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