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Neuroimmunology of Paraproteinemic Neuropathies

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Handbook of Neurochemistry and Molecular Neurobiology

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1 Introduction

Paraproteinemic neuropathies are a diverse group of disorders closely connected with the presence of an excessive amount of monoclonal antibody termed a paraprotein or M-protein or monoclonal gammopathy. Paraproteins are produced by the uncontrolled clonal proliferation of plasma cells. A paraprotein or M-protein can be associated with several malignant disorders including multiple myeloma, Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia, and other lymphoproliferative disorders. When no underlying disease is detected, the term monoclonal gammopathy of unknown significance (MGUS) is used. MGUS is the most common of the paraproteinemias. The prevalence of MGUS in the general population increases with age and is seen in about 1% of patients older than 50 years of age and reaches approximately 3% in those older than 70 years. The incidence of MGUS seems to be higher in African-American populations. MGUS is found in approximately 5% of all patients with polyneuropathy and 10% of patients...

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Abbreviations

ELISA:

enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay

IVIg:

intravenous immunoglobulin

MGUS:

monoclonal gammopathy of unknown significance

MAG:

myelin-associated glycoprotein

PMP-22:

peripheral nerve myelin protein-22

SGGLs:

sulfated glucuronyl glycosphingolipids

SGPG:

sulfoglucuronyl paragloboside

SGLPG:

sulfoglucuronyl lactosaminyl paragloboside

TLC:

thin-layer chromatogram

WM:

Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia

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Acknowledgements

I am grateful to Dr. Yajuan Gu for her invaluable assistance with Figure 11-1 and for review of the manuscript.

Authors
  1. A. A. Ilyas
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Center for Neurochemistry, Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, 10962, 140 Old Orangeburg Road, Orangeburg, New York, USA

    Abel Lajtha (Director) (Director)

  2. Department of Neurosciences Division of Neurology, Medical University of South Carolina, 29425, 96 Jonathan Lucas Street, Suite 309, Charleston, SC, USA

    Naren Banik

  3. Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, 29209, 6439 Garners Ferry Road Building 2, Room C11, Columbia, SC, USA

    Swapan K. Ray

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Ilyas, A.A. (2009). Neuroimmunology of Paraproteinemic Neuropathies. In: Lajtha, A., Banik, N., Ray, S.K. (eds) Handbook of Neurochemistry and Molecular Neurobiology. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-30375-8_11

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