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Voltage-Gated Calcium Channels

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Handbook of Neurochemistry and Molecular Neurobiology

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Abstract

Voltage-gated calcium channels (VGCCs) are membrane proteins and mediate Ca2+ influx in response to membrane depolarization to evoke a wide spectrum of cellular responses, which include neurotransmitter release and activation of Ca2+-dependent enzymes. Molecularly, VGCCs are composed of multiple subunits, and their channel properties are primarily determined by the α1 subunits, which form the channel pore and various binding sites for associated proteins and drugs. There are ten genes encoding the α1 subunits. CaV2.1 (P/Q type) and CaV2.2 (N-type) are two major VGCCs in the brain, and are involved in neurotransmitter release. Recent studies revealed differences between them, for example in G-protein mediated modulation and in developmental changes. CaV1 (L-type) VGCCs are involved also in inducing changes in gene expression. CaV3 (T-type) VGCCs activate at subthreshold potentials, and for example play an important role in generating rhythmic activity.

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Abbreviations

AID:

α1 interacting domain

CCAT:

channel-associated transcriptional regulator

cDNA:

complementary DNA

CGRP:

calcitonin gene-related peptide

ChIs:

cholinergic interneurons

GID:

G-protein interaction domain

HVA:

high-voltage activated

LVA:

low-voltage activated

MSNs:

medium spiny neurons

NALCN:

sodium leak channel

NSCaTE:

N-terminal spatial Ca2+ transforming element

PKC:

protein kinase C

RIM1:

Rab3-interacting molecule 1

TARP:

transmembrane AMPA receptor regulatory protein

VGCC:

voltage-gated calcium channels

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Authors
  1. M. Wakamori
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  2. K. Imoto
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Center for Neurochemistry, Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, 10962, 140 Old Orangeburg Road, Orangeburg, New York, USA

    Abel Lajtha (Director) (Director)

  2. Group Director of Neuro-Developmental Disorder Research Group, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, 351-0198, 2-1 Hirosawa Wako-shi, Saitama, Japan

    Katsuhiko Mikoshiba

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Wakamori, M., Imoto, K. (2009). Voltage-Gated Calcium Channels. In: Lajtha, A., Mikoshiba, K. (eds) Handbook of Neurochemistry and Molecular Neurobiology. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-30370-3_29

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