Skip to main content
  • 782 Accesses

Synonyms

Time-space sampling; TLS; Venue-based sampling

Definition

TLS (also known as time-space sampling and venue-based sampling) is used to collect data from hard-to-reach populations, such as men who have sex with men (MSM), who can be found at identifiable locations. Locations are selected at random from the sampling frame of candidate locations, and persons are enrolled by sampling at these locations. Because the probability of being sampled varies among enrolled persons and persons enrolled at the same location may have similar characteristics, TLS data should be analyzed using sample-survey methods in order to make inference to the population of persons attending these locations.

Description

Most analyses of TLS data have regarded the persons sampled as an independent, identically distributed sample chosen with equal probability from an infinite population. These assumptions are appropriate for a simple random sample; we call the corresponding analysis a naive analysis. If...

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 6,499.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD 9,499.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Geol, S., & Salganik, M. J. (2010). Assessing respondent-driven sampling. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 107, 6743–6747.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gile, K. J., & Handcock, M. S. (2010). Respondent-driven sampling: An assessment of current methodology. Sociological Methodology, 40, 285–327.

    Google Scholar 

  • Heckathorn, D. D. (1997). Respondent-driven sampling: A new approach to the study of hidden populations. Social Problems, 44, 174–199.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kalton, G. (2009). Methods for oversampling rare subpopulations in social surveys. Survey Methodology, 35, 125–141.

    Google Scholar 

  • Karon, J. M., & Wejnert, C. (2012). Statistical methods for the analysis of time-location sampling data. Journal of Urban Health, 89, 565–586. doi:10.1007/s11524-012-9676-8.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kendall, C., Kerr, L. R. F. S., Gondim, R. C., Werneck, G., Macena, R., Pontes, M., et al. (2008). An empirical comparison of respondent-driven sampling, time location sampling, and snowball sampling for behavioral surveillance in men who have sex with men, Fortaleza, Brazil. AIDS and Behavior, 12(Supplement 1), 97–104.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kish, L. (1965). Survey sampling (p. 258). New York: Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • MacKellar, D. A., Gallagher, K. M., Finlayson, T., Sanchez, T., Lansky, A., & Sullivan, P. S. (2007). Surveillance of HIV risk and prevention behaviors of men who have sex with men – A national application of venue-based, time-space sampling. Public Health Reports, 122(Supplement 1), 39–47.

    Google Scholar 

  • Marpsat, M., & Razafindratsima, N. (2010). Survey methods for hard-to-reach populations: Introduction to the special issue. Methodological Innovations Online, 5, 3–16.

    Google Scholar 

  • McKenzie, D. J., & Mistiaen, J. (2009). Surveying migrant households: A comparison of census-based, snowball and intercept point surveys. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series A (Statistics in Society), 172, 339–360.

    Google Scholar 

  • Semaan, S. (2010). Time-space sampling and respondent-driven sampling with hard-to-reach populations. Methodological Innovations Online, 5, 60–75.

    Google Scholar 

  • Volz, E., & Heckathorn, D. D. (2008). Probability based estimation theory for respondent driven sampling. Journal of official statistics, 24, 79–97.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wejnert, C. (2009). An empirical test of respondent-driven sampling: Point estimates, variance, degree measures, and out-of-equilibrium data. Sociological Methodology, 39, 73–116.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zou, G., & Donner, A. (2004). Confidence interval estimation of the intraclass correlation coefficient for binary outcome data. Biometrics, 60, 807–811.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to John Karon .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2014 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht

About this entry

Cite this entry

Karon, J., Wejnert, C. (2014). Time-Location Sampling. In: Michalos, A.C. (eds) Encyclopedia of Quality of Life and Well-Being Research. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0753-5_4201

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0753-5_4201

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht

  • Print ISBN: 978-94-007-0752-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-94-007-0753-5

  • eBook Packages: Humanities, Social Sciences and Law

Publish with us

Policies and ethics