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The Order Thermococcales and the Family Thermococcaceae

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The Prokaryotes

Abstract

Thermococcaceae, the only family within the order Thermococcales, consists of three genera, Pyrococcus, Thermococcus, and Palaeococcus. Virtually all have been isolated from hydrothermal marine vents. More than 30 species of Thermococcus and Pyrococcus have been described, and 17 genome sequences are currently available. So far only three Palaeococcus species have been isolated. The three genera are distinguished by their temperature optima for growth, which are typically near 100 °C, 85 °C, and 75 °C for species of Pyrococcus, Thermococcus, and Palaeococcus, respectively. All members of the Thermococcales are strictly anaerobic heterotrophs and are characterized by their ability to grow above 80 °C using peptides and elemental sulfur as the carbon and energy sources. Many are also able to utilize a wide variety of simple and complex carbohydrates. Several species have been extensively studied in terms of their primary metabolic pathways, and genetic systems have been developed for Pyrococcus furiosus and Thermococcus kodakarensis. Some members of the Thermococcales are among the best studied of all of the so-called hyperthermophiles, which are organisms that have an optimum growth temperature of at least 80 °C.

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Acknowledgments

The authors acknowledge financial support from the US Department of Energy ARPA-E Electrofuels Program (DE-AR0000081 to MWWA and RMK), from the DOE GTL Program (DG-FG02-08ER64687 to RMK), and from the Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences, Office of Basic Energy Sciences of the DOE (DE-FG05-95ER20175 to MWWA).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Life Sciences Building, Green Street, 30602-7229, Athens, GA, USA

    Gerrit J. Schut, Gina L. Lipscomb & Michael M. W. Adams

  2. Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA

    Yejun Han, Jaspreet S. Notey & Robert M. Kelly

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  1. Gerrit J. Schut
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  2. Gina L. Lipscomb
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  3. Yejun Han
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  4. Jaspreet S. Notey
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  5. Robert M. Kelly
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  6. Michael M. W. Adams
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Michael M. W. Adams .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel

    Eugene Rosenberg

  2. Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA

    Edward F. DeLong

  3. Center for Microbial Oceanography: Research and Education, University of Hawaii, Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA

    Edward F. DeLong

  4. Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA

    Stephen Lory

  5. Leibniz Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Braunschweig, Germany

    Erko Stackebrandt

  6. Laboratory of Microbiology, Institute of Biology, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

    Fabiano Thompson

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Schut, G.J., Lipscomb, G.L., Han, Y., Notey, J.S., Kelly, R.M., Adams, M.M.W. (2014). The Order Thermococcales and the Family Thermococcaceae . In: Rosenberg, E., DeLong, E.F., Lory, S., Stackebrandt, E., Thompson, F. (eds) The Prokaryotes. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-38954-2_324

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