Abstract
In order to generate pure streams of CO2 suitable for sequestration/storage, various routes are possible, involving either pre-combustion strategies such as the use of gasification technology combined with shift reactors to produce H2, or alternatively post-combustion strategies such as CO2 scrubbing with, for example, amine-based carriers. One of the more direct approaches is to carry out the combustion in pure or nearly pure oxygen–oxy-fuel combustion–to produce primarily CO2 and H2O in the combustion gases, resulting in almost complete CO2 capture. Until recently, the primary avenue for deploying this technology was with conventional pulverized fuel-fired boilers, and there is already one large demonstration plant operating in Europe with more being planned in the future. However, more recently oxy-fired fluidized bed combustion (FBC) has also become increasingly important as a potential technology, offering as it does fuel flexibility and the possibility of firing local or indigenous fuels, including biomass in a CO2-neutral manner. Both oxy-fuel combustion technologies have been examined here, considering factors such as their economics, and potential for improvement, as well as challenges to the technology, including the need to generate CO2 streams of suitable purity for pipeline transport to available sequestration sites. Finally, the emission issues for both classes of the technology are discussed.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Arrhenius S (1896) On the influence of carbonic acid in the air upon the temperatures of the ground. Philos Mag J Sci 41:237–276
Arrhenius S (1907) Worlds in the making: The evolution of the universe (trans: Borns H). Harper & Brothers, London/New York
Houghton J (2004) Global warming: the complete briefing, 3rd edn. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK
Edwards PN (2010) A vast machine: computer models, climate data and the politics of global warming. MIT Press, Cambridge, US
Irons R, Sekkapan G, Panesar R et al (2007) CO2 capture ready plants. IEA Technical Report No. 2007/4, May
Farley M (2006) Developing oxyfuel capture as a retrofit technology. Modern Power Systems, April
Zheng L, Clements B, Tan Y, Pomalis R (2009) Flue gas recycle strategies in oxy-coal combustion. In: 34th International Technical Conference on Clean Coal & Fuel Systems, Clearwater, Florida, 1–4 June 2009
Doukelis A, Vorrias I, Grammelis P et al (2008) Partial O2-fired coal power plant with post-combustion CO2 capture: a retrofitting option for CO2 capture ready plants. Fuel 88:2428–2468
Weller AE, Rising BW, Boiarski AA et al (1985) Experimental evaluation of firing pulverised coal in a CO2/O2 atmosphere. Argonne National Laboratory Report No.: ANL/CNSV-TM-168
Buhre BJP, Elliot LK, Sheng CD et al (2005) Oxy-fuel combustion technology for coal-fired power generation. Prog Energy Combust Sci 31:283–307
Toftegaard MB, Brix J, Jensen PA et al (2010) Oxy-fuel combustion of solid fuels. Prog Energy Combust Sci 36:581–625
Davidson RM, Stanley SO (2010) Oxyfuel combustion of pulverized coal. IEA Clean Coal Centre Report CCC/168, June
Kvamsdal H, Jordal K, Bolland O (2007) A quantitative comparison of gas turbine cycles with CO2 capture. Energy 32:10–32
Liszka M, Ziębik A (2010) Coal-fired oxy-fuel power unit – process and system analysis. Energy 35:943–951
Bouillon P-A, Hennes S, Mahieux C (2009) ECO2: post-combustion or oxyfuel – a comparison between coal power plants with integrated CO2 capture. GHGT-9. Energy Procedia 1:4015–4022
Hadjipaschalis I, Kourtis G, Poulikkas A (2009) Assessment of oxyfuel power generation technology. Renew Sustain Energy Rev R13:2637–2644
Xu B, Stobbs RA, White V et al (2007) Future CO2 capture options for the Canadian market. Report No. Coal R309 BERR/Pub URN 07/12251, March
Zhou W, Moyeda D (2010) Process evaluation of oxy-fuel combustion with flue gas recycle in a conventional boiler. Energy Fuels 24(3):2162–2169
Gunn D, Horton D (1989) Industrial pollutants. Longman Scientific and Technical, New York
Smart J, Lu G, Yan Y, Riley G (2010) Characterisation of an oxy-coal flame through digital imaging. Combust Flame 157:1132–1139
Qiao Y, Zhang L, Binner E et al (2010) An investigation of the causes of the difference in coal particle temperatures between combustion in air and in O2/CO2. Fuel 89:3381–3387
Brix J, Jensen PA, Jensen AD (2010) Coal devolatilization and char conversion under suspension fired conditions in O2/N2 and O2/CO2 atmospheres. Fuel 28:3373–3380
Shaddix CR, Molina A (2008) Effect of O2 and high CO2 concentrations on PC char burning rates during oxy-fuel combustion. In: 33rd International Conference on Coal Utilization and Fuel Systems, Clearwater, Florida, 1–5 June 2008
Giménez-López J, Millera A, Bilbao R, Alzueta MU (2010) HCN oxidation in an O2/CO2 atmosphere: an experimental and kinetic study. Combust Flame 157:267–276
Mendiara T, Glarborg P (2009) Reburn chemistry in oxy-fuel combustion of methane. Energy Fuels 23:3563–3572
Okazi K, Ando T (1997) NOx reduction mechanisms in coal combustion with recycled CO2. Energy 22:207–215
Tan Y, Croiset E, Douglas MA et al (2006) Combustion characteristics of coal in a mixture of oxygen and recycled flue gas. Fuel 85:507–512
Hjärtstam S, Andersson K, Johnsson F, Leckner B (2009) Combustion characteristics of lignite-fired oxygen fuel flames. Fuel 88:2216–2224
Cao H, Sun S, Liu Y, Wall TF (2010) Computational fluid dynamics modelling of NOx reduction mechanisms in oxy-fuel combustion. Energy Fuels 24:131–135
Smoot LD, Pratt T (1979) Pulverized coal combustion and gasification: theory and applications for continuous flow processes. Plenum, New York
Sturgeon DW, Cameron ED, Fitzgerald FD (2009) Demonstration of an oxyfuel combustion system. Energy Procedia 1:471–478
Hu Y, Naito S, Kobayashi N, Hasatani M (2000) CO2, NOx and SO2 emissions from the combustion of coal with high oxygen concentration gases. Fuel 79:1925–1932
Croiset E, Thambimuthu KV (2001) NOx and SO2 emissions from O2/CO2 recycle coal combustion. Fuel 80:2117–2121
Maier J, Dhungel B, Mőnckert P et al (2008) Impact of recycled gas species (SO2, NO) on emission behaviour and fly ash quality during oxy-coal combustion. In: 33rd International Conference on Coal Utilization and Fuel Systems, Clearwater, Florida, 1–5 June 2008
Ahn J, Overacker D, Okerlund R et al (2010) SO3 formation during oxy-coal combustion. In: 35th Clearwater Clean Coal Conference, Clearwater, Florida, 6–10 June 2010
Fleig D, Normann F, Andersson K et al (2009) The fate of sulphur during oxy-fuel combustion of lignite. GHGT-9. Energy Procedia 1:383–390
Kung SC, Tanzosh JM (2008) Investigation of fireside corrosion in oxy-coal combustion systems. In: 33rd International Conference on Coal Utilization and Fuel Systems, Clearwater, Florida, 1–5 June 2008
Bordenet B, Kluger F, Goodstine S (2008) Boiler materials behavior in oxy-firing environments. In: 33rd International Conference on Coal Utilization and Fuel Systems, Clearwater, Florida, 1–5 June 2008
Strőmberg L, Lindgren G, Jacoby J et al (2009) Update on Vattenfall’s 30 MWth oxyfuel pilot plant in Schwarze Pumpe. GHGT-9. Energy Procedia 1:581–589
Stranger R, Wall T (2011) Sulphur impacts during pulverized coal combustion in oxy-fuel for carbon capture and storage. Prog Energy Combust Sci 37:69–88
Strőmberg L, Lindgren G, Anheden M et al (2010) Vattenfall’s R&D program on CO2 capture technology in support of scale-up and commercialisation of oxyfuel, postcombustion and precombustion technology. In: 35th International Technical Conference on Clean Coal & Fuel Systems, Clearwater, Florida, 6–10 June 2010
Vattenfall (2010) http://www.vattenfall.com/en/ccs/oxyfuel-combustion.htm
Ochs T, Oryshchyn D, Woodside R et al (2009) Results of initial operation of the Jupiter Oxygen Corporation oxy-fuel 15 MWth burner test facility. GHGT-9. Energy Procedia 1:511–518
NETL (2010) http://www.netl.doe.gov/technologies/carbon_seq/core_rd/capture/41147.html
McDonald DK, Flyn TJ, DeVault DJ (2008) 30 MWth Clean Environmental Development Oxy-Coal Combustion Test Program. In: 33rd International Conference on Coal Utilization and Fuel Systems, Clearwater, Florida, 1–5 June 2008
Air Liquide Press Release (2008) Reducing carbon dioxide using oyxfuel combustion processes. Paris, France, 14 January
Hesselmann G, Cameron ED, Sturgeon DW et al (2009) Oxyfuel firing and lessons learned from the demonstration of a full-sized utility scale 40 MW oxycoaltm combustion system. In: South African Carbon Capture and Storage Conference, Johannesburg, South Africa, 29–30 September 2009
Total (2010) http://www.total.com/en/special-reports/carbon-dioxide-capture-and-geological-storage/lacq-project-940768.html
Cook PJ (2009) Demonstration of carbon dioxide capture and storage in Australia. GHGT-9. Energy Procedia 1:3859–3866
Tigges K-D, Klauke F, Bergins C et al (2009) Conversion of existing coal-fired power plants to oxyfuel combustion: case study with experimental results and CFD simulations. GHGT-9. Energy Procedia 1:549–556
Carbo M, Jansen D, Hendriks C et al (2009) Opportunities for CO2 capture through oxygen conducting membranes at medium-scale oxyfuel coal boilers. GHGT-9. Energy Procedia 1:487–494
Burdyny T, Struchtrup H (2010) Hybrid membrane/cryogenic separation of oxygen from air for use in the oxy-fuel process. Energy 35:1884–1897
Allam R, White V, Ivens N, Simmonds M (2005) The oxyfuel baseline: revamping heaters and boiler to oxyfuel by cryogenic air separation and flue gas recycle. In: Thomas DC, Bensen SM (eds) Carbon dioxide for storage in deep geological formations, vol 1. Elsevier, Amsterdam
Marshall L, Fralick C, Gaudry D (2010) OPG Charts Moving from Coal to Biomass. http://www.powermag.com/coal/OPG-Charts-Move-from-Coal-to-Biomass_2570_p6.html, April
Haykir-Acma H, Turan AZ, Kucukbayrak S (2010) Controlling the excess heat from oxy-combustion of coal by blending with biomass. Fuel Process Technol 91:1569–1575
Fryda L, Sobrino C, Cieplik M, van de Kamp WL (2010) Study on ash deposition under oxyfuel combustion of coal/biomass blends. Fuel 89:1889–1902
Yaverbaum L (1977) Fluidized bed combustion of coal and waste materials. Noyes Data Corp, Park Ridge
Eriksson T, Sippu O, Hotta A et al (2007) Oxyfuel CFB Boiler as a Route to Near Zero CO2 Emission Coal Firing. Power-Gen Europe, Madrid, Spain, 26–28 June 2007
Stamatelopoulos GN, Darling S (2008) Alstom’s CFBC Technology. In: Werther J, Nowak W, Wirth K-E, Hartge E-U (eds) Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Circulating Fluidized Beds, in conjunction with 45th International VGB Workshop, operating experience with fluidized bed systems, 13–16 May 2008, Hamburg, Germany, pp 11–17
Liljedahl GN, Turek DG, Nsakala NY et al (2006) Alstom’s Oxygen-fired CFB technology development status for CO2 mitigation. In: 31st International Technical Conference on Coal Utilization and Fuel Systems, Clearwater, Florida, 21–25 May 2006
Eriksson T, Sippu O, Hotta A et al (2009) Development of Flexi-burnTM CFB technology aiming at fully integrated CCS demonstration. Power-Gen Europe, Cologne, Germany, 26–28 May 2009
Grace JR, Avidan AA, Knowlton TM (eds) (1997) Circulating fluidized beds. Blackie Academic and Professional, London
Hotta A, Nuorimo K, Eriksson T et al (2008) CFB technology provides solutions to combat climate change. In: Werther J, Nowak, W, Wirth K-E, Hartge E-U (eds) Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Circulating Fluidized Beds, in conjunction with 45th International VGB Workshop, operating experience with fluidized bed systems, Hamburg, Germany, 13–16 May 2008, pp 11–17
Mohr SH, Evans GM (2009) Forecasting coal production until 2100. Fuel 88:2059–2067
Wikipedia (2010) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peak_coal
Hughes R, Jia L, Tan Y, Anthony EJ (2006) Oxy-fuel combustion of coal in a circulating fluidized bed combustor. Proceedings of the 19th International Conference on FBC, Vienna, Austria 2006
Jia L, Tan Y, Wang C, Anthony EJ (2007) Experimental study of oxy-fuel combustion and sulphur capture in a mini CFBC. Energy Fuels 21:3160–3164
Jia L, Tan Y, Anthony EJ (2010) Emissions of SO2 and NOx during oxy-fuel CFB combustion tests in a mini-CFBC. Energy Fuels 24:910–915
Knöbig T, Werther J, Åmand L-E, Leckner B (1998) Comparison of large- and small-scale circulating fluidized bed combustors with respect to pollutant formation and reduction for different fuels. Fuel 77:1635–1642
Lyngfelt A, Leckner B (1989) The effect of reductive decomposition of CaSO4 on sulphur capture in fluidized bed boilers. Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Fluidized Bed Combustion, pp 675–684, Boston, 1989
Scala F, Salatino P (2010) Flue gas desulphurization under simulated oxyfiring fluidized bed combustion conditions: the influence of limestone attrition and fragmentation. Chem Eng Sci 65:556–561
Hu G, Dam-Johansen K, Wedel S, Hansen JP (2006) Review of the direct sulfation of limestone. Prog Energy Combust Sci 32:386–407
Snow MJH, Longwell JP, Sarofim AF (1988) Direct sulfation of calcium carbonate. Ind Eng Chem Res 27:268–273
Hajaligol MR, Longwell JP, Sarofim AF (1988) Analysis and modeling of the direct sulfation of CaCO3. Ind Eng Chem Res 27:2203–2210
Liu H, Katagiri S, Kaneko U, Okazaki K (2000) Sulfation behaviour of limestone under high CO2 concentrations in O2/CO2 coal combustion. Fuel 79:945–953
Chen C, Zhao C, Liu S, Wang C (2009) Direct sulphation of limestone based on oxy-fuel combustion technology. Environ Eng 22:1481–1488
Hu G, Dam-Johansen K, Wedel S (2007) Direct sulphation of limestone. AIChE J 53:948–960
Cuenca MA, Anthony EJ (eds) (1995) Pressurized fluidized beds. Blackie Academic and Professional, London
Hu G, Shang L, Dam-Johansen K et al (2008) Indirect kinetics of the direct sulphation of limestone. AIChE J 54:2663–2673
Stewart M, Jia L, Tan Y et al (2010) oxy-fuel combustion in a circulating fluidized bed pilot plant. Impacts of fuel quality on power production and the environment, Lapland, Finland, 29 August–3 September 2010
Anthony EJ, Iribarne AP, Iribarne JV (1997) The characterization of solid residues from PFBC boilers. Can J Chem Eng 75:1115–1121
Anthony EJ, Ross GG, Berry EE et al (1995) Characterization of solid wastes from circulating fluidized beds. J Energy Resour Technol 117:18–23
Wu Y, Jia L, Tan Y, Anthony EJ (2008) Characterization of ashes from oxy-fuel combustion in a pilot-scale circulating fluidized bed. Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Circulating Fluidized Beds, Hamburg, Germany, 13–16 May 2008
Nsakala N, Liljedahl GN, Turek DG, Greenhouse gas emissions control by oxygen firing in circulating fluidized bed boilers: phase II – pilot scale testing and updated performance and economics for oxygen fired CFB with CO2 capture: final technical report, PRL Report No. PPL-04-CT-25, October 2004
Anthony EJ, Preto F, Jia L, Iribarne JV (1998) Agglomeration and Fouling in petroleum coke-fired FBC boilers. J Energy Resour Technol 120:285–292
Anthony EJ, Talbot R, Jia L, Granatstein DL (2000) Agglomeration and Fouling in Three FBC boilers. Energy Fuels 14:1021–1027
Anthony EJ, Iribarne AP, Iribarne JV et al (2001) Agglomeration in a 160 MWe FBC boiler. Fuel 80:1009–1014
Anthony EJ, Jia L, Laursen K (2001) Agglomeration of high-sulfur fuels. Can J Chem Eng 79:356–366
Wang C, Jia L, Tan Y, Anthony EJ (2008) Carbonation of fly ash in oxy fuel CFB combustion. Fuel 87:1108–1114
Manovic V, Anthony EJ (2010) Carbonation of CaO-based sorbents enhanced by steam addition. Ind Eng Chem Res 49(19):9105–9110
Johnsson F (2010) Department of Energy and Environment, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden, Personal Communication, September 2010
Seddighi S, Pallarès D, Johnsson F (2010) One-dimensional modeling of oxy-fuel fluidized bed combustion for CO2 capture. Proceedings of the Fluidization XIII, Gyungju (Report)
Svensson A, Johnsson F, Leckner B (1996) Bottom bed regimes in a circulating fluidized bed boiler. Int J Multiphas Flow 22:1187–1204
Svensson A, Johnsson F, Leckner B (1996) Fluidization regimes in non-slugging fluidized beds: the influence of pressure drop across the air distributor. Powder Technol 86:299–312
Pipitone G, Bolland O (2009) Power generation with CO2 capture: technology for CO2 purification. Int J Greenhouse Gas Control 3:528–534
Liu H, Shao Y (2010) Prediction of the impurities in the CO2 stream of an oxy-fuel combustion plant. Appl Energy 87:3162–3170
IEA Report (2004) Impact of impurities on CO2 capture, transport and storage. Report No. PH4/32, August
Pehnt M, Henkely J (2009) Life cycle assessment of carbon dioxide capture and storage for lignite power plants. Int J Greenhouse Gas Control 2:49–66
White V, Torrente-Murciano L, Sturgeon D, Chadwick D (2009) Purification of oxyfuel-derived CO2. GHGT-9. Energy Procedia 1:399–406
Kuivalainen R, Eriksson T, Hotta A et al (2010) Development and demonstration of oxy-fuel CFBC technology. In: 35th International Technical Conference on Clean Coal & Fuel Systems, Clearwater, Florida, 6–10 June 2010
Suraniti SL, Nsakala NY, Darling SL (2009) Alstom oxyfuel CFB boilers: a promising option for CO2 capture. GHGT-9. Energy Procedia 1:543–548
Flavelle-While C (2010) FutureGen 2 to showcase low-emission coal: Oxyfuel retrofit rather than IGCC wins the day. tcetoday news, August 9, http://www.tcetoday.com/tcetoday/newsdetail.aspx?nid=13022
Acknowledgments
The author gratefully acknowledges the assistance and advice of Dr. David Granatstein (granatstein technical services/CanmetENERGY) and Drs. Yewen Tan and Murlidhar Gupta (CanmetENERGY), for a number of valuable discussions during the preparation of this chapter, as well as suggestions for various amendments and improvements, and he would also like to thank Professor Filip Johnsson of Chalmers University, Sweden for valuable suggestions about potential problems for oxy-fuel CFBC.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2012 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC
About this entry
Cite this entry
Anthony, E.J. (2012). Oxy-fuel Firing Technology for Power Generation. In: Chen, WY., Seiner, J., Suzuki, T., Lackner, M. (eds) Handbook of Climate Change Mitigation. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-7991-9_39
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-7991-9_39
Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-1-4419-7990-2
Online ISBN: 978-1-4419-7991-9
eBook Packages: EngineeringReference Module Computer Science and Engineering