Skip to main content

Backbone Amide Linker Strategies for the Solid-Phase Synthesis of C - Terminal Modified Peptides

  • Protocol
Peptide Synthesis and Applications

Part of the book series: Methods in Molecular Biology™ ((MIMB,volume 298))

Abstract

This chapter describes backbone amide linker (BAL) strategies for the Nα-Fmoc solid-phase synthesis of C-terminal modified peptides. Most solid-phase protocols for the assembly of such peptides have limited generality, because they rely on the Cα-carboxyl for attachment to the solid support. In the BAL approach, the growing peptide chain is anchored through a backbone nitrogen, thus allowing significant flexibility for chemical modification of the C-termini. In effect, any peptide containing C-terminal variations can be prepared in overall good purity and yield, with minimal side reactions, by using one or more of three variations (original and two modifications) of the BAL strategy.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Protocol
USD 49.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Kates, S. A. and Albericio, F. (eds.) (2000) Solid-Phase Synthesis. A Practical Guide. Marcel Dekker, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Goodman, M., Felix, A., Moroder, L., and Toniolo, (eds.) (2002) Houben-Weyl. Methods of Organic Chemistry. Synthesis of Peptides and Peptidomimetics, vol. E22a. Georg Thieme Verlag, Stuggart-New York.

    Google Scholar 

  3. Songster, M. F. and Barany, G. (1997) Handles for solid-phase peptide synthesis, in Methods in Enzymology, Solid-Phase Peptide Synthesis, vol. 289 (Fields, G. ed.), Academic Press, Orlando, FL, pp. 126–174.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  4. Alsina, J., Jensen, K. J., Albericio, F., and Barany, G. (1999) Solid-phase synthesis with tris(alkoxy)benzyl backbone amide linkage (BAL) Chem. Eur. J. 5, 2787–2795.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Jensen, J., Alsina, J., Songster, M. F., Vágner, J., Albericio, F., and Barany, G. (1998) Backbone amide linker (BAL) strategy for solid-phase synthesis of C-terminal modified and cyclic peptides. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 120, 5441–5452.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Albericio, F., Kneib-Cordonier, N., Biancalana, S., et al. (1990) Preparation and application of the 5-(4-(9-fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl)aminomethyl-3,5-dimeth-oxyphenoxy)valeric acid (PAL) handle for the solid-phase synthesis of C-termi-nal peptide amides under mild conditions. J. Org. Chem. 55, 3730–3743.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Guillaumie, F., Kappel, J. Kelly, N. M., Barany, G., and Jensen, K. J. (2000) Solid-phase synthesis of C-terminal peptide aldehydes from amino acetals anchored to a backbone amide linker (BAL) handle. Tetrahedron Lett. 41, 6131–6135.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Brask, J., Albericio, F., and Jensen, K. J. (2003) Fmoc solid-phase synthesis of peptide thioesters by masking as trithioortho esters. Org. Lett. 5, 2951–2953.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Alsina, J., Yokum, T. S., Albericio, F., and Barany, G. (1999) Backbone amide linker (BAL) strategy for Nα-9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl (Fmoc) solid-phase synthesis of unprotected peptide p-nitroanilides and thioesters. J. Org. Chem. 64, 8761–8769.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Alsina, J., Yokum, T. S., Albericio, F., and Barany, G. (2000) A modified backbone amide linker (BAL) solid-phase peptide synthesis strategy accommodating prolyl, N-alkylamino acyl, or histidyl derivatives at the C-terminus. Tetrahedron Lett. 41, 7277–7280.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Alsina, J., Giralt, E., and Albericio, F. (1996) Use of N-tritylamino acids and PyAOP for the suppression of diketopiperazine formation in Fmoc/tBu solid-phase peptide synthesis using alkoxybenzyl ester anchoring linkages. Tetrahedron Lett. 37, 4195–4198.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Solé, N. A. and Barany, G. (1992) Optimization of solid-phase synthesis of [Ala8]-dynorphin-A. J. Org. Chem. 57, 5399–5403.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Lloyd-Williams, P., Albericio, F., and Giralt, E. (1997) Chemical Approaches to the Synthesis of Peptides and Proteins. CRC, Boca Raton, FL.

    Google Scholar 

  14. Albericio, F., Bofill, J. M., El-Faham, A., and Kates, S. A. (1998) Use of onium salt-based coupling reagents in peptide synthesis. J. Org. Chem. 63, 9678–9683.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Albericio, F. and Barany, G. (1985) Improved approach for anchoring Nα-9-fluorenylmethyloxycarbonylamino acids as p-alkoxybenzyl esters in solid-phase peptide synthesis. Int. J. Peptide Protein Res. 26, 92–97.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2005 Humana Press Inc., Totowa, NJ

About this protocol

Cite this protocol

Alsina, J., Kates, S.A., Barany, G., Albericio, F. (2005). Backbone Amide Linker Strategies for the Solid-Phase Synthesis of C - Terminal Modified Peptides. In: Howl, J. (eds) Peptide Synthesis and Applications. Methods in Molecular Biology™, vol 298. Humana Press. https://doi.org/10.1385/1-59259-877-3:195

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1385/1-59259-877-3:195

  • Publisher Name: Humana Press

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-58829-317-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-59259-877-9

  • eBook Packages: Springer Protocols

Publish with us

Policies and ethics