Abstract
Antibiotic peptides are host defense effector molecules broadly distributed throughout the animal kingdom. Many different families of peptides can be identified based on mature peptide structure or, in some cases, by similar propeptide structure (1). These peptides have been identified in a variety of different cell and tissue types. In several instances, members of a single family of antibiotic peptides are distributed in multiple tissues in a single species. In some species, such as human, more than one family of antibiotic peptide has been identified (2,3). These features afford opportunities to better understand the principles underlying the evolution of this system of host defense.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Boman, H. G. (1995) Peptide antibiotics and their role in innate immunity. Annu. Rev. Immunol. 13, 61–92.
Ganz, T. and Lehrer, R. I. (1994) Defensins. Curr. Opin. Immunol. 6, 584–589.
Bensch, K. W., Raida, M., Magert, H.-J., Schulz-Knappe, P., and Forssmann, W.-G. (1995) hBD-1: a novel β-defensin from human plasma. FEBS Lat. 368, 331–335.
Jones, D. E. and Bevins, C. L. (1992) Paneth cells of the human small intestine express an antimicrobial peptide gene. J. Biol. Chem. 267, 23,216–23,225.
Jones, D. E. and Bevins, C. L. (1993) Defensin-6 mRNA in human Paneth cells: implications for antimicrobial peptides in host defense of the human bowel. FEBS Lett. 315, 187–192.
Mahoney, M. M., Lee, A. Y., Brezinski-Caliguri, D. J., and Huttner, K. M. (1995) Molecular analysis of the sheep cathelin family reveals a novel antimicrobial pep-tide. FEBS Lett. 377, 519–522.
Russell, J. P., Diamond, G., Tarver, A., and Bevins, C. L. (1996) Coordinate induction of two antibiotic genes in tracheal epithelial cells exposed to the inflammatory mediators lipopolysaccharide and tumor necrosis factor-α. Infect. Immun. 64, 1565–1568.
Tossi, A., Scocchi, M., Zanetti, M., Gennaro, R., Storici, P., and Romeo, D. (this volume) An approach combining rapid cDNA amplification and chemical synthesis for the identification of novel, cathelicidin-derived, antimicrobial peptides in Current Protocols in Antimicrobial Peptide Research—Methods in Molecular Biology.
Itakura, K., Rossi, J. J., and Wallace, R. B. (1984) Synthesis and use of synthetic oligonucleotides. Ann. Rev. Biochem. 53, 323–356.
Diamond, G., Jones, D. E., and Bevins, C. L. (1993) Airway epithelial cells are the site of expression of a mammalian antimicrobial peptide gene. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA. 90, 4596–4600.
Mallow, E. B., Harris, A., Salzman, N., Russell, J. P., DeBerardinis, J. R., Ruchelli, E., and Bevins, C. L. (1996) Human enteric defensins: gene structure and developmental expression. J. Biol. Chem. 271, 4038–4045.
Tarver, A. P., Clark, D. P., Diamond, G., Cohen, K. M., Erdjument-Bromage, H., Jones, D. E., Sweeney, R., Wines, M., Hwang, S., Tempst, P., and Bevins, C. L. (1997) Enteric expression of a novel epithelial antibiotic peptide, in press.
Denhardt, D. T. (1966) A membrane filter technique for the detection of complementary DNA. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 23, 641–646.
Brown, T. (1994) Dot and slot blotting of DNA onto uncharged nylon and nitrocellulose membranes using a manifold in Current Protocols in Molecular Biology (Ausubel, F. M., Brent, R., Kingston, R. E., Moore, D. D., et al., eds.), Wiley and Sons, 2.9.95-2.9.20.
Sambrook, J., Fritsch, E. F., and Mamatis, T. (1989) Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual, 2nd ed. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, NY.
Brown, T. (1994) Hybridization analysis of DNA blots, in Current Protocols in Molecular Biology (Ausubel, F. M., Brent, R., Kingston, R. E., Moore, D. D., et al, eds.), Wiley and Sons, 2.10.1-2.10.16.
Anderson, M. L. M. and Young, B. D. (1985) Quantitative filter hybridisation in Nucleic Acid Hybndisation, A Practical Approach (Hames, B. D. and Higgins, S. J., eds.) IRL Press, Oxford, pp. 73–111.
Meinkoth, J. and Wahl, G. (1984) Hybridization of nucleic acids immobilized on solid supports Analyt. Biochem. 138, 267–284.
Lathe, R. (1985) Synthetic oligonucleotide probes deduced from amino acid sequence data. Theoretical and practical considerations. J. Mol. Biol. 183, 1–12.
Wetmur, J. G. (1991) DNA probes: applications of the principles of nucleic acid hybridization. Crit. Rev. in Biochem. and Mol. Biol. 26 227–259.
Britton, R. J. and Davidson, E. H. (1985) Hybridisation strategy, in Nucleic Acid Hybridisation, A Practical Approach (Hames, B. D. and Higgins, S. J., eds.), IRL, Oxford, pp. 1–15.
Wolf, S. F., Haines, L., Fisch, J., Kremsky, J. N., Dougherty, J. P., and Jacobs, K. (1987) Rapid hybridization kinetics of DNA attached to submicron latex particles. Nucl Acids Res. 15, 2911–2926.
Hamaguchi, K. and Geiduschek, E. P. (1962) The effect of electrolytes on the stability of the deoxyribonucleate helix. J. Am. Chem. Sot. 84, 1329–1338.
Schildkraut, C. and Lifson, S. (1965) Dependence of the melting temperature of DNA on salt concentration. Biopolymers 3, 195–208.
Breslauer, K. J., Frank, R., Blocker, H., and Marky, L. A. (1986) Predicting DNA duplex stability from the base sequence. Proc. Nutl. Acad. Sci. (USA). 83, 3746–3750.
McConaughy, B. L., Land, C. D., and McCarthy, B. J. (1969) Nucleic acid reassociation in formamide. Biochemistry 8, 3289–3295.
Casey, J. and Davidson, N. (1977) Rates of formation and thermal stabilities of RNA:DNA and DNA:DNA duplexes at high salt concentrations. Nucl. Acids. Res. 4, 1539–1552.
Hutton, J. R. (1977) Renaturation kinetics and thermal stability of DNA in aqueous solutions of formamide and urea. Nucl. Acids Res. 4, 3537–3555.
Wong, D. M., Weinstock, P. H., and Wetmur, J. G. (1991) Branch captur reactions: displacers derived from assymetric PCR. Nucl. Acids Res. 19, 2251–2259.
Hall, T. J., Grula, J. W., Davidson, E. H., and Britten, R. J. (1980) Evolution of sea urchin non-repetitive DNA. J. Mel. Evol. 16, 95–110.
Hyman, R. W., Brunovskis, I., and Summers, W. C. (1973) DNA base sequence homology between coliphages T7 and phiII and between T3 and phiII as determined by heteroduplex mapping in the electron microscope. Mol. Biol. 77, 189–196.
Wallace, R. B., Shaffer, J., Murphy, R. F., Bonner, J., Hirose, T., and Itakura, K. (1979) Hybridization of synthetic oligonucleotides to φX 174 DNA: the effect of single base pair mismatch. Nucl. Acids Res. 6, 3543–3557.
Ekuta, S., Takagi, K., Wallace, R. B., and Itakura, K. (1987) Dissociation kinetics of 19 base paired oligonucleotide-DNA duplexes containing different single mismatched base pairs. Nucl. Acids. Res. 15, 797–811.
Brown, T., Leonard, G. A., Booth, E. D., and Kneale, G. (1990) Influence of pH on the conformation and stability of mismatch base-pair in DNA. J. Mol. Biol. 212, 437–440.
Woodson, S. A. and Crothers, D. M. (1988) Structural model for an oligonucleotide containing a bulged guanosine by NMR and energy minimization. Biochemistry 27, 3130–3141.
Wetmur, J. G. and Davidson, N. (1968) Kinetics of renaturation of DNA. J. Mol. Biol. 31, 349–370.
Bonner, T. I., Brenner, D. J., Neufeld, B. R., and Britten, R. J. (1973) Reduction in the rate of DNA reassociation by sequence divergence. J. Mol. Biol. 81, 123–135.
Beltz, G. A., Jacobs, K. A., Eickbush, T. H., Cherbas, P. T., and Kafatos, F. C. (1983) Isolation of multigene families and determination of homologies by filter hybridization methods. Meth. Enzymol. 100, 266–285.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1997 Humana Press Inc.
About this protocol
Cite this protocol
Bevins, C.L., Diamond, G. (1997). Molecular Biological Strategies in the Analysis of Antibiotic Peptide Gene Families. In: Shafer, W.M. (eds) Antibacterial Peptide Protocols. Methods In Molecular Biology™, vol 78. Humana Press. https://doi.org/10.1385/0-89603-408-9:151
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1385/0-89603-408-9:151
Publisher Name: Humana Press
Print ISBN: 978-0-89603-408-2
Online ISBN: 978-1-59259-564-8
eBook Packages: Springer Protocols