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Monitoring Extracellular Amino Acid Neurotransmitters and hROS by In Vivo Microdialysis in Rats: A Practical Approach

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Microdialysis Techniques in Neuroscience

Part of the book series: Neuromethods ((NM,volume 75))

Abstract

The microdialysis technique has proved to be a powerful neuropharmacological tool for the measurement of extracellular levels of neurotransmitters in brains of freely moving animals. However, care in its application is essential if reliable results are to be obtained. More recent developments have made it possible to detect the release of highly reactive oxygen species (hROS) in the same systems as those used for determining amino acid neurotransmitter release. This chapter is intended to help in obtaining reliable and reproducible results by describing practical aspects of in vivo microdialysis in the rat, as applied to the determination of hROS and amino acid release in the same experiment. The presentation and validation of the results obtained are also discussed.

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Abbreviations

aCSF:

Artificial cerebrospinal fluid

DNQX:

6,7-Dinitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione

hROS:

Highly reactive oxygen species

KA:

Kainate

OH-TA:

2-Hydroxyterephthalate

OPA:

o-Phthalaldehyde

TA2− :

Terephthalic acid, terephthalate

RT:

Retention time

TTX:

Tetrodotoxin

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Acknowledgements

We would like to thank Ente Cassa di Risparmio di Firenze (Firenze, Italy) for financial support, ERAB (Brussels, Belgium), and the EU COST action D34 and CM1103 for supporting our international cooperation.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Dipartimento di Farmacologia Preclinica e Clinica, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Florence, Italy

    Maria Alessandra Colivicchi, Chiara Stefanini, Wolfhardt Freinbichler, Chiara Ballini, Loria Bianchi & Laura Della Corte

  2. Department of Biochemistry, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland

    Keith F. Tipton

Authors
  1. Maria Alessandra Colivicchi
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  2. Chiara Stefanini
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  3. Wolfhardt Freinbichler
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  4. Chiara Ballini
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  5. Loria Bianchi
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  6. Keith F. Tipton
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  7. Laura Della Corte
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Laura Della Corte .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. , Dept. of Physiology & Biochemistry, University of Malta, Biomedical Sciences Building, Msida MSD, 2080, Malta

    Giuseppe Di Giovanni

  2. Consorzio "Mario Negri" Sud, Via Nazionale, Santa Maria Imbaro, 66030, Chieti, Italy

    Vincenzo Di Matteo

Appendix

Appendix

1.1 Sources of Materials

Most chemicals can be obtained from more than one supplier and should be of the highest purity available. Only those sources not given in the text are listed here.

  • Acrylic cement. Self-curing acrylic cement was purchased from Kerr Italia (Salerno, Italy).

  • Chloral hydrate, glacial acetic acid, methanol and potassium acetate, and all salts used to prepare aCSF were from Merck (Milano Italy).

  • Cresyl fast Violet, DNQX, KA, 2-mercaptoethanol, ortho-bromoterephthalic acid, o-phthalaldehyde, terephthalic acid, and TTX were from Sigma Aldrich (Milano, Italy).

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Colivicchi, M.A. et al. (2013). Monitoring Extracellular Amino Acid Neurotransmitters and hROS by In Vivo Microdialysis in Rats: A Practical Approach. In: Di Giovanni, G., Di Matteo, V. (eds) Microdialysis Techniques in Neuroscience. Neuromethods, vol 75. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-62703-173-8_11

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-62703-173-8_11

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  • Publisher Name: Humana Press, Totowa, NJ

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-62703-172-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-62703-173-8

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