Skip to main content

Isolation and Biochemical Analysis of Plant Small RNAs

  • Protocol
  • First Online:
Antiviral Resistance in Plants

Part of the book series: Methods in Molecular Biology ((MIMB,volume 894))

Abstract

Small RNAs, defined as noncoding 20–30-nt-long RNAs, are instrumental regulators of cellular processes in most eukaryotes. In this chapter we describe three methods for extracting small RNA from cells: a general method, one plant specific and a third particular to conifers. Further, protocols are given for the analysis and quantification of small RNAs using polyacrylamide gel-based approaches. A native streptavidin gel-shift assay, useful for measuring the relative amounts of multiple small RNAs simultaneously, is presented. To further characterize small RNAs biochemically, a sodium periodate assay probing for 2′, 3′ hydroxyl groups on the 3′ terminus of small RNAs is outlined.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Protocol
USD 49.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 159.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Hamilton AJ, Baulcombe DC (1999) A species of small antisense RNA in posttranscriptional gene silencing in plants. Science 286:950–952

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Voinnet O (2009) Origin, biogenesis, and activity of plant microRNAs. Cell 136:669–687

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Lagos-Quintana M, Rauhut R, Lendeckel W, Tuschl T (2001) Identification of novel genes coding for small expressed RNAs. Science 294: 853–858

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Lau NC, Lim LP, Weinstein EG, Bartel DP (2001) An abundant class of tiny RNAs with probable regulatory roles in Caenorhabditis elegans. Science 294:858–862

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Lee RC, Ambros V (2001) An extensive class of small RNAs in Caenorhabditis elegans. Science 294:862–864

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Yu B, Yang Z, Li J, Minakhina S, Yang M, Padgett RW, Steward R et al (2005) Methylation as a crucial step in plant microRNA biogenesis. Science 307:932–935

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Ebhardt HA, Thi EP, Wang MB, Unrau PJ (2005) Extensive 3′ modification of plant small RNAs is modulated by helper component-proteinase expression. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 102:13398–13403

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Yang Z, Ebright YW, Yu B, Chen X (2006) HEN1 recognizes 21–24 nt small RNA duplexes and deposits a methyl group onto the 2′ OH of the 3′ terminal nucleotide. Nucleic Acids Res 34:667–675

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Rajagopalan R, Vaucheret H, Trejo J, Bartel DP (2006) A diverse and evolutionarily fluid set of microRNAs in Arabidopsis thaliana. Genes Dev 20:3407–3425

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Morin RD, Aksay G, Dolgosheina E, Ebhardt HA, Magrini V, Mardis ER et al (2008) Comparative analysis of the small RNA transcriptomes of Pinus contorta and Oryza sativa. Genome Res 18:571–584

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Dolgosheina EV, Morin RD, Aksay G, Sahinalp SC, Magrini V, Mardis ER et al (2008) Conifers have a unique small RNA silencing signature. RNA 14:1508–1515

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Sambrook J, Russell DW (2001) Molecular cloning: a laboratory manual, 3rd edn. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, NY

    Google Scholar 

  13. Kolosova N, Miller B, Ralph S, Ellis BE, Douglas C, Ritland K et al (2004) Isolation of high-quality RNA from gymnosperm and angiosperm trees. Biotechniques 36:821–824

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Alwine JC, Kemp DJ, Stark GR (1977) Method for detection of specific RNAs in agarose gels by transfer to diazobenzyloxymethyl-paper and hybridization with DNA probes. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 74:5350–5354

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Ebhardt HA, Unrau PJ (2009) Characterizing multiple exogenous and endogenous small RNA populations in parallel with subfemtomolar sensitivity using a streptavidin gel-shift assay. RNA 15:724–731

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Li Z, Brow DA (1993) A rapid assay for quantitative detection of specific RNAs. Nucleic Acids Res 21:4645–4646

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

Marie Curie International Incoming Fellow from the European Commission, Community Research and Development Information Service, Seventh Framework Programme (to H.A.E.). Operating grants from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada and the Michael Smith Foundation (to P.J.U.).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Peter J. Unrau .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2012 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC

About this protocol

Cite this protocol

Ebhardt, H.A., Ovando, M.O., Unrau, P.J. (2012). Isolation and Biochemical Analysis of Plant Small RNAs. In: Watson, J., Wang, MB. (eds) Antiviral Resistance in Plants. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 894. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-61779-882-5_15

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-61779-882-5_15

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Humana Press, Totowa, NJ

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-61779-881-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-61779-882-5

  • eBook Packages: Springer Protocols

Publish with us

Policies and ethics