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Behavioral Analysis of Navigation Behaviors in the Drosophila Larva

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The Making and Un-Making of Neuronal Circuits in Drosophila

Part of the book series: Neuromethods ((NM,volume 69))

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Abstract

Functional and anatomical dissection of neural circuits is often hindered by the complexity of such systems. With only 10,000 neurons, the central nervous system of the Drosophila larva is at least one order of magnitude simpler than its adult counterpart. Despite this numerical simplicity, the behavioral repertoire of the larva contains a surprisingly diverse array of sophisticated behaviors. Larvae demonstrate robust orientation behavior toward light and odors (phototaxis and chemotaxis). The sensory organs and circuits underlying these behaviors are greatly reduced in comparison with the adult: the larval eye is composed of just 12 photoreceptor neurons, the nose of just 21 olfactory sensory neurons. While the larval olfactory pathway displays remarkable structural similarities with the adult system its numerical simplicity facilitates the analysis of individual, genetically identifiable neurons at anatomical and functional levels. The use of information arising from different modalities allows for investigation of the principles controlling multisensory integration. In this chapter, we review a series of assays to study light and odor-driven behaviors. The advent of high-resolution machine-vision algorithms to analyze behavior in real time is likely to revolutionize our knowledge of how organization of the larval brain mediates distinct behaviors. The simplicity of the larval sensory systems allows us to aim for a comprehensive and systems-level understanding of the relationships between circuit anatomy and function, from afferent sensory neurons through to higher brain centers where orientation decisions are made and communicated to efferent motor neurons.

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Acknowledgment

ML is thankful to the Vosshall lab where most of data for Figs. 4, 5, 6, and 7 were generated. The Louis lab acknowledges funding from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (MICINN, BFU2008-00362), and the EMBL-CRG Systems Biology Program.

Financial support to S.G.S. was provided by the Swiss National Science Foundation grant number PP00P3_123339.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. EMBL-CRG Systems Biology Unit, Center for Genomic Regulation, UPF, Barcelona, Spain

    Matthieu Louis, Moraea Phillips & Mariana Lopez-Matas

  2. Department of Biology, Institute of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland

    Simon Sprecher

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  1. Matthieu Louis
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  2. Moraea Phillips
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  3. Mariana Lopez-Matas
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  4. Simon Sprecher
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Correspondence to Simon Sprecher .

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  1. Center for Human Genetics, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Herestraat 49, Leuven, 3000, Belgium

    Bassem A. Hassan

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Louis, M., Phillips, M., Lopez-Matas, M., Sprecher, S. (2012). Behavioral Analysis of Navigation Behaviors in the Drosophila Larva. In: Hassan, B. (eds) The Making and Un-Making of Neuronal Circuits in Drosophila. Neuromethods, vol 69. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-61779-830-6_8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-61779-830-6_8

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