Abstract
Two methods are presented for deforming giant unilamellar vesicles with holographic optical tweezers. The first allows ultrahigh spatial- and temporal-resolution optical tracking of membrane deformations, by using embedded silica microspheres in a giant unilamellar vesicle as tracers. The vesicles are stretched by moving several beads with multiple optical tweezers and then are released from an elongated shape. Time constants of relaxation can be extracted by tracking the beads with 0.5-ms time resolution and 10 nm or better spatial resolution. The second method allows for direct deformation of the membrane into complex shapes using two solutions with different indices of refraction and holographic optical tweezer. Vesicle shapes are extracted directly with an active contour algorithm. Fourier analysis of the relaxation of the vesicle shape back to an equilibrium shape demonstrates a possible application of this technique.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Pier Luigi Luisi and Peter Walde (eds.) (2000) Giant Vesicles. Wiley and Sons, New York.
Evans, E. and Needham, D. (1987) Physical properties of surfactant bilayer-membranes: thermal transitions, elasticity, rigidity, cohesion, and colloidal interactions. J. Phys. Chem. 91, 4219–4228.
Pécréaux, J., Döbereiner, H.-G., Prost, J., Joanny, J.-F., and Bassereau, P. (2004) Refined contour analysis of giant unilamellar vesicles. Eur. Phys. J. E13, 277–290.
Ashkin, A., Dziedzic, J. M., Bjorkholm, J. E., and Chu, S. (1986) Observation of a single beam gradient force optical trap for dielectric particles. Opt. Lett. 11, 288–290.
Ashkin, A. (2000) History of optical trapping and manipulation of small-neutral particle, atoms, and molecules. IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Elec. 6, 841–856.
Ashkin, A. (1998) Forces of a single-beam gradient laser trap on a dielectric sphere in the ray optics regime. Methods Cell Biol. 55, 1–27.
Grier, D. G. (2003) A Revolution in optical manipulation. Nature 424, 810–816.
Ashkin, A., Dziedzic, J. M., and Yamane, T. (1987) Optical Trapping and Manipulation of Single Cells Using Infrared Laser Beams. Nature 330, 769–771.
Sasaki, K., Koshio, M., Misawa, H., Kitamura, N., and Masuhara, H. (1991) Pattern formation and flow control of fine particles by laser-scanning micromanipulation. Opt. Lett. 16, 1463–1465.
Sasaki, K., Fujiwara, H., and Masuhara, H. (1997) Optical manipulation of a lasing microparticle and its application to near-field microspectroscopy. J. Vacuum Sci. Technol. B 15, 2786–2790.
Mio, C., Gong, T., Terray, A., and Marr, D. W. M. (2001) Morphological control of mesoscale colloidal models. Fluid Phase Equilibria 185, 157–163.
Dufresne, E. R. and Grier, D. G. (1998) Optical tweezer arrays and optical substrates created with diffractive optics. Rev. Sci. Instr. 69, 1974–1977.
Dufresne, E. R., Spalding, G. C., Dearing, M. T., Sheets, S. A., and Grier, D. G. (2001) Computergenerated holographic optical tweezer arrays. Rev. Sci. Instr. 72, 1810–1816.
John, C. Crocker and David, G. Grier. (1996) Methods of Digital Video Microscopy for Colloidal Studies, J. Colloid Interface Sci. 179, 298–310.
Eric, W. Weisstein. (1999) Discrete Fourier Transform. MathWorld-A Wolfram Web Resource. http://mathworld.wolfram.com/DiscreteFourierTransform.html
Folland, G. B. (1992) Fourier Analysis and Its Applications. Brooks/Cole Publishing Co., Pacific Grove, CA.
Ryan Smith and Gabe Spalding (2005) User-Friendly, Freeware Image Segmentation and Particle Tracking. http://titan.iwu.edu/~gspaldin/rytrack.html
John, C. Crocker and Eric, R. Weeks. (2001) Particle tracking using IDL. http://www.physics.emory.edu/~weeks/idl/index.html
Manouk Abkarian, Colette Lartigue, and Annie Viallat. (2002) Tank Treading and Unbinding of Deformable Vesicles in Shear Flow: Determination of the Lift Force Phys. Rev. Let. 88, 8103–8107.
Mathews Jacob (2003) Parametric Shape Processing in Biomedical Imaging, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne. EPFL Thesis no. 2857.
Jacob, M., Blu, T., and Unser, M. (2004) Efficient energies and algorithms for parametric snakes. IEEE Trans. Image Processing, 13, 1231–1244.
Mathews Jacob (2003) SplineSnake, http://ip.beckman.uiuc.edu/Software/SplineSnake/
Jeremy Pencer, Gisèle F. White, and F. Ross Hallett (2001) Osmotically Induced Shape Changes of Large Unilamellar Vesicles Measured by Dynamic Light Scattering. Biophys. J. 81, 2716–2728.
Udo Seifert, Karin Berndl, and Reinhard Lipowsky (1991) Shape Transformations of Vesicles: Phase Diagram for Spontaneous-Curvature and Bilayer-Coupling Models. Phys. Rev. A 44, 1182–1202.
Mills, J. P., Qie, L., Dao, M., Lim, C. T., and Suresh, S. (2004) Nonlinear Elastic and Viscoelastic Deformation of the Human Red Blood Cell with Optical Tweezers. Mech. Chem. Biosyst. 1, 169–180.
Angelova, M. I., Soléau, S., Méléard, P., Faucon, J.-F., and Bothorel, P. (1992) Preparation of giant vesicles by external ac electric fields: kinetics and applications. Prog. Colloid Polym. Sci. 89, 127–131.
Philippe Marmottant and Sascha Hilgenfeldt. (2003) Personal Communication.
Bagatolli, L. A. and Gratton, E. (1999) Two-Photon Fluorescence Microscopy Observation of Shape Changes at the Phase Transition in Phospholipid Giant Unilamellar Vesicles. Biophys. J. 77, 2090–2101.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2007 Humana Press Inc.
About this protocol
Cite this protocol
Poole, C., Losert, W. (2007). Laser Tweezer Deformation of Giant Unilamellar Vesicles. In: Dopico, A.M. (eds) Methods in Membrane Lipids. Methods in Molecular Biology™, vol 400. Humana Press. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59745-519-0_26
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59745-519-0_26
Publisher Name: Humana Press
Print ISBN: 978-1-58829-662-7
Online ISBN: 978-1-59745-519-0
eBook Packages: Springer Protocols