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Assessment of Apoptosis and Neuronal Loss in Animal Models of HIV-1-Associated Neurocognitive Disorders

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Transmission Electron Microscopy Methods for Understanding the Brain

Part of the book series: Neuromethods ((NM,volume 115))

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Abstract

HIV-1-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND) is a neurodegenerative disease resulting in various clinical manifestations, characterized by neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and related events. Neuronal damage in HAND is felt to be mainly indirect: microglial cells infected by HIV-1 increase the production of cytokines and release HIV-1 proteins, the most likely neurotoxins, among which are the envelope proteins gp120 and gp41 and the nonstructural proteins Nef, Rev, Vpr, and Tat. We review and discuss here different methods used in the assessment of apoptosis and neuronal loss in different experimental, acute and chronic, models of HAND. We also briefly consider how these techniques help to evaluate the effects of gene delivery of antioxidant enzymes in animal models of HAND.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA

    Jean-Pierre Louboutin, Lokesh Agrawal & David S. Strayer

  2. Section of Anatomy, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies, Mona Campus, Kingston 7, Jamaica

    Jean-Pierre Louboutin

  3. Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, College of Medicine, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA

    Beverly Reyes & Elisabeth Van Bockstaele

Authors
  1. Jean-Pierre Louboutin
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  2. Beverly Reyes
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  3. Lokesh Agrawal
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  4. Elisabeth Van Bockstaele
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  5. David S. Strayer
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Jean-Pierre Louboutin .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pharmacology and Physiolog, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA

    Elisabeth J. Van Bockstaele

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Louboutin, JP., Reyes, B., Agrawal, L., Van Bockstaele, E., Strayer, D.S. (2016). Assessment of Apoptosis and Neuronal Loss in Animal Models of HIV-1-Associated Neurocognitive Disorders. In: Van Bockstaele, E. (eds) Transmission Electron Microscopy Methods for Understanding the Brain. Neuromethods, vol 115. Humana Press, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/7657_2015_96

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/7657_2015_96

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  • Publisher Name: Humana Press, New York, NY

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4939-3638-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4939-3640-3

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