samenvatting
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (adhd) wordt gekenmerkt door aandachtstekort, hyperactiviteit en impulsiviteit. Daarnaast hebben kinderen met adhd vaak motivatieproblemen, problemen met plannen en organiseren, en problemen op sociaal-emotioneel gebied, zoals beperkte sociale vaardigheden. Juist op school lopen deze kinderen tegen problemen aan en de aanpak van adhd in de klas is dan ook van groot belang. Dit overzichtsartikel beschrijft: (1) een inventarisatie van leerkrachtinterventies voor de aanpak van adhd in de klas en (2) de resultaten van effectstudies naar deze interventies op adhd-symptomen, aan adhd gerelateerd probleemgedrag, en het sociaal-emotioneel en schools functioneren. De inventarisatie omvat vier opzichzelfstaande leerkrachtinterventies en zeven multimodale interventies. In de effectstudies zijn de interventies op effectiviteit onderzocht door de vergelijking met een controleconditie: een onbehandelde groep of een groep die alleen medicatie kreeg. De resultaten laat zien dat leerkrachtinterventies gebaseerd op gedragstherapeutische methoden effectief zijn in het verminderen van adhd-symptomen, het verminderen van aan adhd gerelateerd probleemgedrag en in het vergroten van de sociale vaardigheden, waarbij een aantal studies een effect laat zien dat nagenoeg gelijk is aan dat van medicatie. Duidelijk is dat de leerkracht een essentiële rol kan spelen in de aanpak van aan adhd gerelateerd probleemgedrag in de klas.
Notes
Op de afdeling Klinische Neuropsychologie van de Vrije Universiteit van Amsterdam is in 2010 een eenvoudig door de leerkracht te implementeren interventie ontwikkeld. Deze interventie, Druk in de Klas, is specifiek bedoeld voor het aanpakken van druk en ongeconcentreerd gedrag in de klas en maakt gebruik van de methodieken die hierboven zijn beschreven. Momenteel loopt de landelijke gerandomiseerde effectstudie naar deze leerkrachtinterventie (www.drukindeklas.nl).
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kind en adolescent | jaargang 34 (2013), nr. 1, p. 2–29 | www.kindenadolescent.nl
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Pieterse, K., Luman, M., Paternotte, A. et al. Leerkrachtinterventies voor de aanpak van adhd in de klas: een overzicht van effectstudies. KIND ADOLESC. 34, 2–29 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12453-013-0001-4
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12453-013-0001-4