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Exercise and the Asthmatic

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Summary

Physical exercise is not hazardous to asthmatics. Some asthmatics may benefit from physical training, and almost all asthmatics can perform any kind of physical exercise. Free running was earlier thought to induce more asthma than swimming, for example; however, when ventilation is identical during running and swimming, the exercise-induced asthma will also be the same. Hyperventilation alone is as good as physical exercise to induce exercise-induced asthma. If the physical exercise provokes an asthmatic attack, this is most often easily reversed by inhaled β2-agonists. Pretreatment of exercise-induced asthma is most efficient by inhaled β2-agonist; orally dosed β2-agonist is not as efficient as inhaled β2-agonist in the pretreatment of exercise-induced asthma. Inhaled sodium cromoglycate diminishes exercise-induced asthma, and the effect seems to be better in children than in adults. Inhaled steroids have no immediate effect on exercise-induced asthma, but long term treatment with steroids diminishes exercise-induced asthma.

The pathogenesis of exercise-induced asthma remains obscure. If the water content is low in the inhaled air, e.g. in cold air, the changes in ventilatory capacity following exercise will be greater than when the exercise is performed while inhaling hot air with high humidity. Almost all asthmatics present changes in the ventilatory capacity following exercise. Seasonal changes in exercise-induced asthma are only present in asthmatics with seasonal allergies, e.g. pollen allergy. No diurnal variation is found in exercise-induced asthma.

Asthmatics can do any form of physical exercise. Almost all asthmatics can prevent major changes in ventilatory capacity by pretreatment of exercise-induced asthma or be treated for exercise-induced asthma during the physical activity so that they will not suffer from asthma while performing physical exercise. Asthmatics who have been successfully treated for exercise-induced asthma can do physical exercise at the same level as non-asthmatics. Asthmatic children in particular should be encouraged to perform any sport they like, as the physiological and psychological effects may be beneficial to them.

It is concluded that almost all asthmatics have exercise-induced asthma, and that physical training may be beneficial. Exercise-induced asthma is best treated and pretreated by inhalation of β2-agonists.

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  1. Laboratory of Respiratory Physiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark

    A. Bundgaard

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  1. A. Bundgaard
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Bundgaard, A. Exercise and the Asthmatic. Sports Medicine 2, 254–266 (1985). https://doi.org/10.2165/00007256-198502040-00003

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