Abstract
Dynamical scaling arises naturally in various many-body systems far from equilibrium. After a short historical overview, the elements of possible extensions of dynamical scaling to a local scale-invariance will be introduced. Schrödinger-invariance, the most simple example of local scale-invariance, will be introduced as a dynamical symmetry in the Edwards-Wilkinson universality class of interface growth. The Lie algebra construction, its representations and the Bargman superselection rules will be combined with non-equilibrium Janssen-de Dominicis field-theory to produce explicit predictions for responses and correlators, which can be compared to the results of explicit model studies. At the next level, the study of non-stationary states requires to go over, from Schrödinger-invariance, to ageing-invariance. The ageing algebra admits new representations, which acts as dynamical symmetries on more general equations, and imply that each non-equilibrium scaling operator is characterised by two distinct, independent scaling dimensions. Tests of ageing-invariance are described, in the Glauber-Ising and spherical models of a phase-ordering ferromagnet and the Arcetri model of interface growth.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
H. Weyl, Symmetry (Princeton University Press, Princeton NJ, 1952)
H. Weyl, Symmetrie (Birkhäuser, Basel, 1955)
A. Einstein, Ann. Physik 17, 891 (1905)
E. Cunningham, Proc. London Math. Soc. 8, 77 (1909)
H. Bateman, Proc. London Math. Soc. 8, 223 (1910)
S. El-Showk, Yu. Nakayama, S. Rychkov, Nucl. Phys. B 848, 578 (2011)
R. Jackiw, S.-Y. Pi, J. Phys. A 44, 223001 (2011)
E.C.G. Stueckelberg, A. Petermann, Helv. Phys. Acta 26, 499 (1952)
B. Widom, J. Chem. Phys. 43, 3898 (1965)
L. Kadanoff, Physics 2, 263 (1966)
K.G. Wilson, Phys. Rev. B 4, 3174 (1971)
C. Domb, The Critical Point: A Historical Introduction to the Modern Theory of Critical Phenomena (Taylor & Francis, London, 1996)
M.E. Fisher, Rev. Mod. Phys. 70, 653 (1998)
B. Berche, M. Henkel, R. Kenna, Rev. Bras. Ens. Fís. 31, 2602 (2009)
B. Berche, M. Henkel, R. Kenna, J. Phys. Stud. 13, 3201 (2009)
A.M. Polyakov, Sov. Phys. JETP Lett. 12, 381 (1970)
A.A. Belavin, A.M. Polyakov, A.B. Zamolodchikov, Nucl. Phys. B 241, 333 (1984)
B. Delamotte, N. Tissier, N. Wschebor, Phys. Rev. E 93, 012144 (2016)
J. Polchinsky, String Theory (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1998), Vol 2
B. Zwiebach, A First Course in String Theory (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2005)
A. Einstein, Ann. Physik 17, 549 (1905)
P. Langevin, C.R. Acad. Sci. (Paris) 146, 530 (1908)
S. Lie, Arch. Math. Vid. (Kristiania) 6, 328 (1882)
S. Lie, Vorlesungen über Differentialgleichungen mit bekannten infinitesimalen Transformationen (Teubner, Leipzig, 1891)
C.G. Jacobi, Vorlesungen über Dynamik, 4. Vorlesung (Königsberg 1842/43), in A. Clebsch, A. Lottner (Eds.), Gesammelte Werke von C.G. Jacobi (Akademie der Wissenschaften, Berlin 1866/1884)
U. Niederer, Helv. Phys. Acta 45, 802 (1972)
C.R. Hagen, Phys. Rev. D 5, 377 (1972)
G. Burdet, M. Perrin, Lett. Nuov. Cim. 4, 651 (1972)
R. Jackiw, Phys. Today 25, 23 (1972)
A.J. Bray, Adv. Phys. 43, 357 (1994)
A.-L. Barabási, H.E. Stanley, Fractals Concepts Insurface Growth (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1995)
T. Halpin-Healy, Y.-C. Zhang, Phys. Rep. 254, 215 (1995)
J. Krug, Adv. Phys. 46, 139 (1997)
L.F. Cugliandolo, in J.-L. Barrat et al. (Eds.), Slow Relaxation and Non-Equilibrium Dynamics in Condensed Matter (Springer, Heidelberg, 2002)
M. Henkel, M. Pleimling, Non-Equilibrium Phase Transitions, Vol. 2: Ageing and Dynamical Scaling Far From Equilibrium (Springer, Heidelberg, 2010)
U.C. Täuber, Critical dynamics (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2014)
L.C.E. Struik, Physical Ageing in Amorphous Polymers and Other Materials (Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1978)
S.F. Edwards, D.R. Wilkinson, Proc. Roy. Soc. A 381, 17 (1982)
F. Family, T. Vicsek, J. Phys. A 18, L75 (1985)
T. Enss, M. Henkel, A. Picone, U. Schollwöck, J. Phys. A 37, 10479 (2004)
F. Baumann, A. Gambassi, J. Stat. Mech. P01002 (2007)
V.S. L'vov, V.V. Lebedev, M. Paton, I. Procaccia, Nonlinearity 6, 25 (1993)
E. Frey, U.C. Täuber, T. Hwa, Phys. Rev. E 53, 4424 (1996)
M. Henkel, M. Paeßens, M. Pleimling, Europhys. Lett. 62, 644 (2003)
M. Henkel, M. Paeßens, M. Pleimling, Phys. Rev. E 69, 056109 (2004)
M. Henkel, J.D. Noh, M. Pleimling, Phys. Rev. E 85, 030102(R) (2012)
V. Bargman, Ann. Math. 56, 1 (1954)
A. Picone, M. Henkel, Nucl. Phys. B 688, 217 (2004)
M. Henkel, in H.J. Herrmann, W.J. Janke, F. Karsch (Eds.), textitDynamics of First-Order Transitions (World Scientific, Singapour, 1992), p. 239
M. Henkel, Int. J. Mod. Phys. C 3, 1011 (1992)
M. Henkel, J. Stat. Phys. 75, 1023 (1994)
M. Henkel, J. Unterberger, Nucl. Phys. B 660, 407 (2003)
J. Unterberger, C. Roger, The Schrödinger-Virasoro Algebra (Springer, Heidelberg, 2012)
C. Roger, J. Unterberger, Ann. Henri Poincaré 7, 1477 (2006)
A. Röthlein, F. Baumann, M. Pleimling, Phys. Rev. E 74, 061604 (2006)
A. Röthlein, F. Baumann, M. Pleimling, Phys. Rev. E 76, 019901 (2007)
S. Bustingorry, L.F. Cugliandolo, J.L. Iguain, J. Stat. Mech. P09008 (2007)
M. Abramowitz, I. Stegun, Handbook of Mathematical Functions (Dover, New York, 1965)
F. Family, J. Phys. A 19, L441 (1986)
D.D. Vvedensky, Phys. Rev. E 67, 025102(R) (2003)
H.K. Janssen, B. Schaub, B. Schmittmann, Z. Phys. B 73, 539 (1989)
T.J. Newman, A.J. Bray, J. Phys. A 23, 4491 (1990)
M. Henkel, T. Enss, M. Pleimling, J. Phys. A 39, L589 (2006)
U. Niederer, Helv. Phys. Acta 47, 167 (1974)
S. Stoimenov, M. Henkel, J. Phys. A 46, 245004 (2013)
S. Stoimenov, M. Henkel, Nucl. Phys. B 847, 612 (2011)
M.H. Jacobs, Diffusion Processes (Springer, Heidelberg, 1967)
P.C. Bressloff, J.M. Newby, Rev. Mod. Phys. 85, 135 (2013)
J.M. Romero, A. Gaona, J. Phys. Conf. Ser. 512, 012028 (2014)
J.M. Romero, O. González-Gaxiola, G. Chacón-Acosta, Int. J. Pure Appl. Math. 82, 41 (2013)
D. Minic, D. Vaman, C. Wu, Phys. Rev. Lett. 109, 131601 (2012)
M. Henkel, Symmetry 7, 2108 (2015)
T.H. Berlin, M. Kac, Phys. Rev. 86, 821 (1952)
H.W. Lewis, G.H. Wannier, Phys. Rev. 88, 682 (1952)
H.W. Lewis, G.H. Wannier, Phys. Rev. 90, 1131 (1953)
G. Ronca, J. Chem. Phys. 68, 3737 (1978)
C. Godrèche, J.-M. Luck, J. Phys. A 33, 9141 (2000)
M. Henkel, X. Durang, J. Stat. Mech. P05022 (2015)
J.M. Kim, J.M. Kosterlitz, Phys. Rev. Lett. 62, 2289 (1989)
P. Calabrese, A. Gambassi, J. Phys. A 38, R133 (2005)
R.J. Glauber, J. Math. Phys. 4, 294 (1963)
C. Godrèche, J.-M. Luck, J. Phys. A 33, 1151 (2000)
G.F. Mazenko, Phys. Rev. E 69, 016114 (2004)
M. Henkel, M. Pleimling, Phys. Rev. E 68, 065101(R) (2003)
M. Henkel, A. Picone, M. Pleimling, Europhys. Lett. 68, 191 (2004)
E. Lorenz, W. Janke, Europhys. Lett. 77, 10003 (2007)
D.S. Fisher, D.A. Huse, Phys. Rev. B 38, 373 (1988)
S. Mujumder, W. Janke, Phys. Rev. E 93, 032306 (2016)
S. Mujumder, W. Janke, in D. Landau et al. (Eds.) Computer Simulation Studies in Condensed-Matter Physics XXVIII, J. Phys. Conf. Series 750, 012020 (2016)
M. Pleimling, A. Gambassi, Phys. Rev. B 71, 180401(R) (2005)
M. Kardar, G. Parisi, Y.-C. Zhang, Phys. Rev. Lett. 56, 889 (1986)
M. Henkel, Nucl. Phys. B 869, 282 (2013)
J. Kelling, G. Ódor, S. Gemming, Phys. Rev. E 94, 022107 (2016)
J. Kelling, G. Ódor, S. Gemming, to be published in J. Phys. A [arXiv: 1609.05795]
F. Sastre, private communication (2016)
G. Ódor, J. Kelling, S. Gemming, Phys. Rev. E 89, 032146 (2014)
T. Halpin-Healy, G. Palansantzas, Europhys. Lett. 105, 50001 (2014)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Henkel, M. From dynamical scaling to local scale-invariance: a tutorial. Eur. Phys. J. Spec. Top. 226, 605–625 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1140/epjst/e2016-60336-5
Received:
Revised:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1140/epjst/e2016-60336-5