Abstract
A Peclet number, Pe, for the drying of colloidal films can be used as a predictor of the uniformity of water concentration in the direction normal to the film. Uniform drying is predicted to occur when Pe < 1, whereas with \(\textit{Pe}>1\), a layer of packed particles is expected to develop above a more dilute layer. Routh and Zimmerman have more recently proposed that the particle concentration gradient between the packed and dilute layers, \(d \phi _{p} / d \textit{z} \), will scale as \(\textit{Pe}^{1/2}\). Here, this scaling relation is tested experimentally with magnetic resonance profiling data obtained from waterborne colloidal films dried under conditions to yield a range of Pe. It is found that \(d\phi_{p}/d\textit{z}\) increases with Pe but scales as \(\textit{Pe}^{0.8}\). This disagreement with the prediction can be attributed to an underestimate of Pe when there are greater non-uniformities of drying, because of an unquantified slowing down of the evaporation rate.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
H. Jotischky, Surf. Coat. Int. Pt. B Coatings Trans. 84, 11 (2001)
M.A. Winnik, J. Feng, J. Coat. Technol. 68, 39 (1996)
N. Agarwal, R.J. Farris, J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 72, 1407 (1999)
Y.K. Yang, H. Li, F. Wang, J. Adhes. Sci. Techn. 17, 1741 (2003)
A.J. Reuvers, Prog. Org. Coatings 35, 171 (1999)
A.F. Routh, W.B. Russel, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 40, 4302 (2001)
Q. Liao, L. Chen, X. Qu, X. Jin, J. Coll. Interf. Sci. 227, 84 (2000)
Y. Reyes, Y. Duda, Langmuir 21, 7057 (2005)
D. Guigner, C. Fischer, Y. Holl, Langmuir 17, 3598 (2001)
N. Dingenouts, M. Ballauff, Langmuir 15, 3283 (1999)
T. Narita, P. Hebraud, F. Lequeux, Eur. Phys. J. E 17, 69 (2005)
S. Erkselius, L. Wadso, O.J. Karlsson, J. Coll. Interf. Sci. 317, 83 (2008)
A.F. Routh, W.B. Russel, A.I.Ch.E. J. 44, 2088 (1998)
J.M. Salamanca, D.A. Faux, P.M. Glover, J.L. Keddie, P.J. McDonald, A.F. Routh, Langmuir 17, 3202 (2001)
J. Mallegol, G. Bennett, P.J. McDonald, J.L. Keddie, O. Dupont, J. Adh. 82, 217 (2006)
D.P. Sheetz, J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 9, 3759 (1965)
V.R. Gundabala, W.B. Zimmerman, A.F. Routh, Langmuir 20, 8721 (2004)
A.F. Routh, W.B. Russel, Langmuir 15, 7762 (1999)
Y. Ma, H.T. Davis, L.E. Scriven, Prog. Org. Coat. 52, 46 (2005)
J.P. Gorce, D. Bovey, P.J. McDonald, P. Palasz, D. Taylor, J.L. Keddie,Eur. Phys. J. E 8, 421 (2002)
P.G. de Gennes, Eur. Phys. J. E 7, 31 (2002)
E. Ciampi, P.J. McDonald, Macromolecules 36, 8398 (2003)
A.F. Routh, W.B. Zimmerman, Chem. Eng. Sci. 59, 2961 (2004)
P.M. Glover, P.S. Aptaker, J.R. Bowler, E. Ciampi, P.J. McDonald, J. Mag. Res. 139, 90 (1999)
J.V. Sengers, J.T.R. Watson, J. Phys. Chem. 15, 1291 (1986)
P.J. McDonald, B. Newling, Rep. Prog. Phys. 61, 1441 (1998)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Ekanayake, P., McDonald, P. & Keddie, J. An experimental test of the scaling prediction for the spatial distribution of water during the drying of colloidal films. Eur. Phys. J. Spec. Top. 166, 21–27 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1140/epjst/e2009-00872-4
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1140/epjst/e2009-00872-4