Abstract
We consider a hybrid form of combinations of regular continuous functions and irregular fractal interpolation functions in data fitting problems. Three types of models are considered in this paper. We apply a sequential quadratic programming method, SLSQP, to find the values of hyperparameters in these models that minimize the given empirical error. Two examples are given to show the results. The advantage of our approach is that it is not limited to types and construction methods of fractal functions.
Similar content being viewed by others
Data availability
The datasets generated during the current study are available in the following.
Example 4.1: https://www.investing.com/crypto/bitcoin/btc-usd-historical-data
Example 4.2: https://www.investing.com/indices/nq-100-historical-data
References
M.F. Barnsley, Fractal functions and interpolation. Constr. Approx. 2, 303–329 (1986)
M.F. Barnsley, Fractals Everywhere (Academic Press, New York, 1988)
M. F. Barnsley, J. Elton, D. Hardin, P. Massopust, Hidden variable fractal interpolation functions. SIAM J. Math. Anal. 20, 1218–1242 (1989)
M. F. Barnsley, P. R. Massopust, Bilinear fractal interpolation and box dimension. J. Approx. Theory 192, 362–378 (2015)
P. T. Boggs, J. W. Tolle, Sequential quadratic programming. Acta Numer. 4, 1–51 (1995)
A. K. B. Chand, G. P. Kapoor, Generalized cubic spline fractal interpolation functions. SIAM J. Numer. Anal 44, 655–676 (2006)
A. K. B. Chand, M. A. Navascués, Natural bicubic spline fractal interpolation. Nonlinear Anal. 69, 3679–3691 (2008)
S. Chandra, S. Abbas, Box dimension of mixed Katugampola fractional integral of two-dimensional continuous functions. Fract. Calc. Appl. Anal. 25, 1022–1036 (2022)
S. Chandra, S. Abbas, On fractal dimensions of fractal functions using function spaces. Bull. Aust. Math. Soc. 106, 470–480 (2022)
V. Drakopoulos, P. Manousopoulos, One dimensional fractal interpolation: Determination of the vertical scaling factors using convex hulls, in Topics on Chaotic Systems: Selected Papers from Chaos 2008 International Conference (2009)
P. E. Gill, E. Wong, Sequential quadratic programming methods, in Mixed Integer Nonlinear Programming, ed. by J. Lee, S. Leyffer. The IMA Volumes in Mathematics and its Applications, vol 154 (Springer, New York, NY, 2012), pp. 147–224
D. Kraft, A software package for sequential quadratic programming. Technical Report. DFVLR-FB 88-28, DLR German Aerospace Center-Institute for Flight Mechanics Koln, Germany (1988)
D.-C. Luor, Fractal interpolation functions for random data sets. Chaos Solitons Fract. 114, 256–263 (2018)
P. Manousopoulos, V. Drakopoulos, T. Theoharis, Parameter identification of 1D fractal interpolation functions using bounding volumes. J. Comput. Appl. Math. 233, 1063–1082 (2009)
P. Manousopoulos, V. Drakopoulos, T. Theoharis, Parameter identification of 1D recurrent fractal interpolation functions with applications to imaging and signal processing. J. Math. Imaging Vision 40, 162–170 (2011)
M. A. Marvasti, W. Strahle, Fractal geometry analysis of turbulent data. Signal Process 41, 191–201 (1995)
P. R. Massopust, Fractal Functions, Fractal Surfaces, and Wavelets (Academic Press, San Diego, 1994)
P. R. Massopust, Interpolation and Approximation with Splines and Fractals (Oxford University Press, New York, 2010)
D. S. Mazel, M. H. Hayes, Using iterated function systems to model discrete sequences. IEEE Trans. Signal Process 40, 1724–1734 (1992)
M. A. Navascués, V. Sebastián, Generalization of Hermite functions by fractal interpolation. J. Approx. Theory 131, 19–29 (2004)
P. Viswanathan, A. K. B. Chand, Fractal rational functions and their approximation properties. J. Approx. Theory 185, 31–50 (2014)
Funding
The financial support was provided by Ministry of Science and Technology, R.O.C. under Grant MOST 110-2115-M-214-002.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
Both authors contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation and analysis were performed by [Dah-Chin Luor]. Data collection, experiment design, and program coding were performed by [Chiao-Wen Liu]. The first draft of the manuscript was written by [Dah-Chin Luor] and both authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. Both authors read and approved the final manuscript
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
Additional information
Framework of Fractals in Data Analysis: Theory and Interpretation. Guest editors: Santo Banerjee, A. Gowrisankar.
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
Luor, DC., Liu, CW. A hybrid form of fractal-type functions in data fitting and parameters search by sequential quadratic programming. Eur. Phys. J. Spec. Top. 232, 969–978 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1140/epjs/s11734-023-00776-x
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1140/epjs/s11734-023-00776-x