Abstract
In order to reach high luminosity, the Future Circular e\(^+\)e\(^-\) Collider will need very intense beams with small emittances and small beta functions in the interaction points. This is achieved with a large Piwinski angle combined with the crab waist collision scheme. Under these conditions, the luminosity and the beam–beam tune shifts are strongly influenced by the bunch length. On the other hand, in this machine, the beamstrahlung effect is dominant too, leading to an increase of bunch length and energy spread. Moreover, due to the extreme beam parameters, new important beam–beam instabilities have been found, such as the so-called coherent X-Z instability. Finally, the bunch length and energy spread are also affected by collective effects. In this paper, we study the beam–beam interaction, by focusing on the X-Z instability for FCC-ee, in the lowest energy configuration (45.6 Gev, Z-resonance), by taking into account, self-consistently, the combined effects of beamstrahlung and the machine impedance model that has been evaluated so far. Finally, we also discuss some possible mitigation methods.
Similar content being viewed by others
Data availability
Data sharing not applicable to this article as no datasets were generated or analysed during the current study.
References
A. Abada et al., FCC-ee: the Lepton Collider: Future Circular Collider Conceptual Design Report. Eur. Phys. J. Spec. Top. 228(2), 261–623 (2019)
CEPC Study Group, CEPC Conceptual Design Report. Volume 1–Accelerator. arXiv:1809.00285 (2018)
P. Raimondi, D. Shatilov, M.Zobov, Beam-beam issues for colliding schemes with large Piwinski angle and crabbed waist. arXiv:physics/0702033 (2007)
M. Zobov et al., Test of crab-waist collisions at DAFNE Phi factory. Phys. Rev. Lett. 104, 174801 (2010)
D. Shatilov, M. Zobov, Beam-beam collisions with an arbitrary crossing angle: analytical tune shifts, tracking algorithm without Lorentz boost, crab-crossing. ICFA Beam Dyn. Newslett. 37, 99–109 (2005)
V. Telnov, Restriction on the energy and luminosity of e-e+ storage rings due to beamstrahlung. Phys. Rev. Lett. 110, 114801 (2013)
K. Ohmi et al., Coherent beam–beam instability in collisions with a large crossing angle. Phys. Rev. Lett. 119, 134801 (2017)
N. Kuroo, K. Hirosawa, K. Ohmi, K. Oide, D. Zhou, F. Zimmermann, Mode coupling theory in collisions with a large crossing angle, in 9th International Particle Accelerator Conference, THPAF089 (2018). https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2018-THPAF089
N. Kuroo, K. Ohmi, K. Oide, D. Zhou, F. Zimmermann, Cross-wake force and correlated head-tail instability in beam-beam collisions with a large crossing angle. Phys. Rev. Accel. Beams 21, 031002 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevAccelBeams.21.031002
D. Shatilov, FCC-ee parameter optimization. ICFA Beam Dyn. Newslett. 72, 30–41 (2017)
Y. Zhang, N. Wang, C. Lin, D. Wang, C. Yu, K. Ohmi, M. Zobov, Self-consistent simulations of beam-beam interaction in future e+ e- circular colliders including beamstrahlung and longitudinal coupling impedance. Phys. Rev. Accel. Beams 23, 104402 (2020)
D. Leshehok, S. Nikitin, Y. Zhang, M. Zobov, Combined influence of beamstrahlung and coupling impedance on beam energy spread and length in future lepton colliders. Phys. Rev. Accel. Beams 23, 101003 (2020)
D. Boussard, Observation of microwave longitudinal instabilities in the CPS, CERN-LabII-RF-INT-75-2 (CERN, Geneva, 1975)
N. Wang et al., Mitigation of coherent beam instabilities in CEPC. CERN Yellow Rep. Conf. Proc. 9, 286–290 (2020)
https://www.3ds.com/products-services/simulia/products/cst-studio-suite
M. Migliorati, E. Belli, M. Zobov, Impact of the resistive wall impedance on beam dynamics in the future circular e+e- collider. Phys. Rev. Accel. Beams 21, 041001 (2018)
E. Belli, P.C. Pinto, G. Rumolo, A. Sapountzis, T. Sinkovits, M. Taborelli, B. Spataro, M. Zobov, G. Castorina, M. Migliorati, Electron cloud buildup and impedance effects on beam dynamics in the future circular e+e- collider and experimental characterization of thin TiZrV vacuum chamber coatings. Phys. Rev. Accel. Beams 21, 111002 (2018)
N. Mounet, The LHC Transverse Coupled Bunch Instability. Ph.D. thesis, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (2012)
A.W. Chao, Physics of Collective Beam Instabilities in High Energy Accelerators (Wiley, New York, 1993)
K.Y. Ng, Physics of Intensity Dependent Beam Instabilities (World Scientific, Singapore, 2006)
J. Haissinski, Il Nuovo Cimento 18B(1), 72 (1973)
A.W. Chao, M. Tigner, Handobook of Accelerator Physics and Engineering (World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd, Singapore, 1998)
M. Migliorati, S. Persichelli, H. Damerau, S. Gilardoni, S. Hancock, L. Palumbo, Beam-wall interaction in the CERN Proton Synchrotron for the LHC upgrade. Phys. Rev. Accel. Beams 16, 031001 (2013)
M. Migliorati, L. Palumbo, Multibunch and multi-particle simulation code with an alternative approach to wakefield effects. Phys. Rev. ST Accel. Beams 18, 031001 (2015)
Y. Zhang, Beam-beam effects in BEPC-II, in ICFA Mini-Workshop on Beam-Beam Effects in Hadron Colliders. CERN, Geneva, pp. 37–41 (2013). https://doi.org/10.5170/CERN-2014-004.37
K. Ohmi, Simulation of beam-beam effects in a circular e+e- collider. Phys. Rev. E 62, 7287 (2000)
K. Ohmi, private communication
ELEGANT. https://ops.aps.anl.gov/elegant.html
N. Carmignani, J. Jacob, B. Nash, S. White, Harmonic RF System for the ESRF EBS, Proceedings of IPAC2017, Copenhagen, Denmark, pp. 3684–3687 (2017)
H.S. Xu, N. Wang, Influences of harmonic cavities on the single-bunch instabilities in electron storage rings, in 60th ICFA Advanced Beam Dynamics Workshop on Future Light Sources, Shanghai, China, pp. 128–132 (2018). https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-FLS2018-WEP2PT024
E. Métral, M. Migliorati, Longitudinal and transverse mode coupling instability: Vlasov solvers and tracking codes. Phys. Rev. ST Accel. Beams 23, 071001 (2020)
D. Shatilov, 133th FCC-ee Optics Design Meeting & 4th FCCIS WP2.2 Meeting, ‘Larger Momentum Compaction at Z, as another possible option’ (2021). https://indico.cern.ch/event/1014189
F. Yaman, Electron Cloud Simulations for FCC-ee Collider Dipoles: Comparisons of SEY Models, Longer Bunch Space and Higher Intensity, 135th FCC-ee optics meeting. https://indico.cern.ch/event/1017226
L. Mether, Modeling of fast Beam-Ion Instabilities, CERN Yellow Rep. Conf. Proc. 1, 63–68 (2018). https://doi.org/10.23732/CYRCP-2018-001.63
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
This work was partially supported by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under Grant No 951754—FCCIS Project, by the National Natural Science Foundation of China, Grant No. 11775238, and by INFN National committee V through the ARYA project.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Migliorati, M., Carideo, E., De Arcangelis, D. et al. An interplay between beam–beam and beam coupling impedance effects in the Future Circular e\(^+\)e\(^-\) Collider. Eur. Phys. J. Plus 136, 1190 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1140/epjp/s13360-021-02185-2
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1140/epjp/s13360-021-02185-2