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Measurement of 139La(p,x) cross sections from 35–60 MeV by stacked-target activation

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Abstract

A stacked-target of natural lanthanum foils (99.9119% 139La) was irradiated using a 60 MeV proton beam at the LBNL 88-Inch Cyclotron. 139La(p,x) cross sections are reported between 35–60 MeV for nine product radionuclides. The primary motivation for this measurement was the need to quantify the production of 134Ce. As a positron-emitting analogue of the promising medical radionuclide 225Ac, 134Ce is desirable for in vivo applications of bio-distribution assays for this emerging radio-pharmaceutical. The results of this measurement were compared to the nuclear model codes TALYS, EMPIRE and ALICE (using default parameters), which showed significant deviation from the measured values.

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Data Availability Statement

This manuscript has no associated data or the data will not be deposited. [Authors’ comment: The gamma-ray spectra and all other raw data created during this research are openly available at: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3599779. Upon publication, the experimentally determined cross sections will be uploaded to the EXFOR database.]

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Acknowledgements

We wish to acknowledge our thanks to the operators of the 88-Inch Cyclotron, Brien Ninemire, Nick Brickner, Tom Gimpel and Scott Small, for their efforts in setting a new “high-water mark” for the maximum proton energy extracted from the machine as well as for their assistance and support. We would also like to thank the members of the LBNL Nuclear Data group and the Nuclear Engineering department at UC Berkeley, who contributed their time and knowledge towards the review of this experiment. This work has been performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory under contract No. LAB16-1588 NSD. This research is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy Isotope Program, managed by the Office of Science for Nuclear Physics.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Nuclear Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA

    Jonathan T. Morrell, Andrew S. Voyles, Jon C. Batchelder, Eric F. Matthews & Lee A. Bernstein

  2. Nuclear Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA

    M. S. Basunia & Lee A. Bernstein

Authors
  1. Jonathan T. Morrell
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  2. Andrew S. Voyles
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  3. M. S. Basunia
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Jonathan T. Morrell.

Additional information

Communicated by R. V. F. Janssens

Appendices

Relevant nuclear data [13, 22, 36, 43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52]

Isotope

\(\gamma \) Energy (keV)

\(I_{\gamma }\) (%)

\(T_{1/2}\)

134Ce

–

–

3.16 (4) d

134La

604.721 (2)

5.04 (20)

6.45 (16) m

135Ce

265.56 (2)

41.8 (14)

17.7 (3) h

137mCe

254.29 (5)

11.1 (4)

34.4 (3) h

137gCe

447.15 (8)

1.22 (3)

9.0 (3) h

139gCe

165.8575 (11)

79.95 (6)

137.64 (2) d

135La

480.51 (2)

1.52 (24)

19.5 (2) h

133mBa

275.925 (7)

17.69 (25)

38.93 (1) h

133gBa

356.0129 (7)

62.05 (19)

10.551 (11) y

132Cs

667.714 (2)

97.59 (9)

6.480 (6) d

61Cu

282.956 (10)

12.2 (22)

3.339 (8) h

62Zn

596.56 (13)

26.0 (20)

9.193 (15) h

63Zn

669.62 (5)

8.2 (3)

38.47 (5) m

58Co

810.7593 (20)

99.45 (1)

70.86 (6) d

22Na

1274.537 (7)

99.940 (14)

2.6018 (22) y

24Na

1368.626 (5)

99.9936 (15)

14.997 (12) h

Stack design

Foil Id

Compound

\(\varDelta x\) (mm)

\(\rho \varDelta x\) (mg/\(\hbox {cm}^2\))

SS3

316 SS

0.13

\(100.48 \pm 0.46\)

La01

La

0.0275

\(14.59 \pm 0.69\)

Al01

Al

0.027

\(6.58 \pm 0.02\)

Cu01

Cu

0.029

\(22.13 \pm 0.07\)

E1

Al

0.254

\(68.53 \pm 5.08\)

La02

La

0.0278

\(15.55 \pm 0.71\)

Al02

Al

0.0278

\(6.67 \pm 0.12\)

Cu02

Cu

0.0293

\(22.23 \pm 0.44\)

E2

Al

0.254

\(68.53 \pm 5.08\)

La03

La

0.0315

\(15.12 \pm 0.83\)

Al03

Al

0.027

\(6.7 \pm 0.03\)

Cu03

Cu

0.031

\(22.24 \pm 0.07\)

E3

Al

0.254

\(68.53 \pm 5.08\)

La04

La

0.0288

\(14.95 \pm 0.66\)

Al04

Al

0.027

\(6.68 \pm 0.03\)

Cu04

Cu

0.0317

\(22.49 \pm 0.42\)

E4

Al

0.254

\(68.53 \pm 5.08\)

La05

La

0.027

\(15.07 \pm 0.65\)

Al05

Al

0.027

\(6.64 \pm 0.01\)

Cu05

Cu

0.0313

\(22.39 \pm 0.42\)

E5

Al

0.254

\(68.53 \pm 5.08\)

La06

La

0.026

\(14.32 \pm 0.78\)

Al06

Al

0.0278

\(6.66 \pm 0.23\)

Cu06

Cu

0.031

\(22.22 \pm 0.05\)

E6+E7

Al

0.508

\(137.06 \pm 10.16\)

La07

La

0.0258

\(14.21 \pm 0.29\)

Al07

Al

0.0273

\(6.64 \pm 0.12\)

Cu07

Cu

0.031

\(22.4 \pm 0.05\)

E8+E9

Al

0.508

\(137.06 \pm 10.16\)

La08

La

0.0283

\(15.64 \pm 0.28\)

Al08

Al

0.0273

\(6.72 \pm 0.13\)

Cu08

Cu

0.032

\(22.16 \pm 1.2\)

E10+E11

Al

0.508

\(137.06 \pm 10.16\)

La09

La

0.0268

\(12.67 \pm 0.51\)

Al09

Al

0.0275

\(6.65 \pm 0.14\)

Cu09

Cu

0.031

\(22.2 \pm 0.72\)

E12+E13

Al

0.508

\(137.06 \pm 10.16\)

La10

La

0.0278

\(16.14 \pm 0.3\)

Al10

Al

0.027

\(6.73 \pm 0.02\)

Cu10

Cu

0.031

\(22.5 \pm 0.05\)

SS4

316 SS

0.13

\(101.26 \pm 0.79\)

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Morrell, J.T., Voyles, A.S., Basunia, M.S. et al. Measurement of 139La(p,x) cross sections from 35–60 MeV by stacked-target activation. Eur. Phys. J. A 56, 13 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1140/epja/s10050-019-00010-0

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