Abstract
Both authors are co-founders of the Centre of Socio-Eco-Nomic Development (CSEND), a research and development NGO (non-governmental organization) founded in 1993 and registered in Geneva. The reason for establishing CSEND was based on the two co-founders commitments to sustainable development, including ecological, social, and economic sustainability within a context of equitable development at national, regional, and international levels. Under the auspices of CSEND, both authors designed and implemented large system development and change projects in China (1985-1996), Slovenia (1990-1996), Russia (1993-1996), and Bolivia (1999-2001).1 Having also conducted consulting projects for international organizations (IOs) in the 1980s and early 1990s and having followed closely the difficult survival of so many people living in the Least Developed Countries (LDCs), both authors took the initiative to propose a project for the International Labor Organization (ILO) to support their efforts in alleviating poverty in the LDCs through employment creation in the context of the poverty reduction strategy instruments developed and managed by the International Finance Institutions (the International Monetary Fund and World Bank). The PRSP instrument as well as the CSEND, PRPSP, ILO project is described further below in the project section of this chapter
Poverty could be understood as a form of “structural violence” through systemic discrimination and exclusion of a country’s poor. It is a form of denying human rights to its citizens living in deprivation and poverty.
(Yiu and Saner, 2003)
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Saner, R., Yiu, L. (2014). Designing Learning Systems for Poverty Reduction in Least Developed Countries. In: Reichman, W. (eds) Industrial and Organizational Psychology Help the Vulnerable. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137327734_10
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