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Micromodel Observation of the Role of Oil Layers in Three-Phase Flow

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Abstract

We have studied the flow of a non-aqueous phase liquid (NAPL, or oil), water and air at the pore scale using a micromodel. The pore space pattern from a photomicrograph of a two-dimensional section through a Berea sandstone was etched onto a silicon wafer. The sizes of the pores in the micromodel are in the range 3–30,μm and are the same as observed in the rock from which the image was taken. We conducted three-phase displacement experiments at low capillary numbers (in the order of 10-7) to observe the presence of predicted displacement mechanisms at the pore scale. We observed stable oil layers between the wetting phase (water) and the non-wetting phase (gas) for the water–decane–air system, which has a negative equilibrium spreading coefficient, as well as four different types of double displacements where one fluid displaces another that displaces a third. Double imbibition and double drainage are readily observed, but the existence of an oil layer surrounding the gas phase makes the other double displacement combinations very unlikely.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Environmental Science and Management, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 9310605131

    Arturo A. Keller

  2. Petroleum Engineering Department, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305

    Martin J. Blunt

  3. Environmental Science and Engineering Program, Civil Engineering Department, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305-4020

    Arturo Paul V. Roberts

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  1. Arturo A. Keller
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  2. Martin J. Blunt
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  3. Arturo Paul V. Roberts
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Keller, A.A., Blunt, M.J. & Roberts, A.P.V. Micromodel Observation of the Role of Oil Layers in Three-Phase Flow. Transport in Porous Media 26, 277–297 (1997). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1006589611884

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