Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Simulation of Unenhanced Electrokinetic Process for Lead Removal from Kaolinite Clay

  • Research Paper
  • Published:
International Journal of Civil Engineering Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

This paper presents a numerical model based on explicit finite difference method for contaminants transport under electrokinetic remediation process. The effect of adsorption, precipitation and water auto-ionization reactions was considered with a set of algebraic equations. Also the effect of electrolysis reaction in anode and cathode cells was considered with appropriate boundary conditions. The model predictions are compared with experimental results of electrokinetic lead removal from kaolinite in the literature. The coefficient of determination and index of agreement between the lead concentration of experimental result and model prediction were 0.974 and 0.884, respectively. The coefficient of determination and index of agreement between the pH value of experiment and the pH prediction were 0.975 and 0.976, respectively.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Falamaki A, Tavallali H, Eskandari M, Farahmand SR (2016) Immobilizing some heavy metals by mixing contaminated soils with phosphate admixtures. Int J Civil Eng 14(2):75–81

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Virkutyle J, Sillanpaa M, Latostebmaa P (2002) Electrokinetic soil remediation-critical overview. Sci Total Environ 289(1–3):97–121

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Kim SO, Moon SH, Kim KW (2001) Removal of heavy metals from soils using enhanced electrokinetic soil processing. Water Air Soil Pollut 125(1):259–272

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Vereda-Alonso C, Rodríguez-Maroto JM, García-Delgado RA, Gómez-Lahoz C, García-Herruzo F (2004) Two-dimensional model for soil electrokinetic remediation of heavy metals: application to a copper spiked kaolin. Chemosphere 54:895–903

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Reddy KR, Claudio C (2009) Electrochemical remediation technologies for polluted soils sediments and groundwater. Wiley, Hoboken

    Book  Google Scholar 

  6. Alshawabkeh AN, Acar YB (1996) Electrokinetic remediation. II: theoretical model. J Geotech Eng ASCE 122(3):186–196

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Haran BS, Popov BN, Zheng G, White RE (1997) Mathematical modeling of hexavalent chromium decontamination of low surface charged soils. J Hazard Mater 55(1–3):93–107

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Jacobs RA, Sengun MZ, Hicks RE, Probstein RF (1994) Model and experiments on soil remediation by electric fields. J Environ Sci Health Part A Environ Sci Eng Toxicol 29(9):1933–1955

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Kim SO, Kim JJ, Yun ST, Kim KW (2003) Numerical and experimental studies on cadmium (II) transport in kaolinite clay under electrical fields. Water Air Soil Pollut 150(1–4):135–162

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Kim SO, Kim JJ, Kim KW, Yun ST (2004) Models and experiments on electrokinetic removal of Pb(II) from kaolinite clay. Sep Sci Technol 39(8):1927–1951

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Park Jin-Soo, Kim Soon-Oh, Kim Kyoung-Woong, Kim BR, Moon S-H (2003) Numerical analysis for electrokinetic soil processing enhanced by chemical conditioning of the electrode reservoirs. J Hazard Mater 99(1):71–85

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Hafiz A (2004) Evaluation and enhancement of electro-kinetic technology for remediation of chromium copper arsenic from clayey soil. PhD thesis, Florida state University

  13. Mascia M, Palmas S, Polcaro AM, Vacca A, Muntoni A (2007) Experimental study and mathematical model on remediation of Cd spiked kaolinite by electrokinetics. Electrochim Acta 52:3360–3365

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Al-Hamdan AZ, Reddy KR (2008) Electrokinetic Remediation Modeling Incorporating Geochemical Effects. J Geotech Geoenviron Eng 134(1):91–105

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Yeung AT, Hsu CN, Menon RM (2011) Electrokinetic extraction of lead from kaolinites: I. Numerical modeling. Environmentalist 31:26–32

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Ghasemzadeh H (2008) Heat and contaminant transport in unsaturated soil. Int J Civil Eng 6(2):90–107

    Google Scholar 

  17. Mitchell JK (1993) Fundamentals of soil behavior, 2nd edn. Wiley, New York

    Google Scholar 

  18. Eykholt GR, Daniel DE (1994) Impact of system chemistry on electroosmosis in contaminated soil. J Geotech Eng 120(5):797–815

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Paz-García JM, Johannesson B, Ottosen LM, Ribeiro AB, Rodríguez-Maroto JM (2011) Modeling of electrokinetic processes by finite element integration of the Nernst–Planck–Poisson system of equations. Sep Purif Technol 79:183–192

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Lorenz PB (1969) Surface conductance and electrokinetic properties of kaolinite beds. Clays Clay Miner 17:223–231

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Alshawabkeh AN (1994) Theoretical and experimental modeling of removing contaminants from soils by an electric field. PhD thesis, The Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USAs

  22. Daniel DE (1993) Geotechnical practice for waste disposal. Chapman & Hall, London

    Book  Google Scholar 

  23. Yong RN, Warkentin BP, Phadungchewit Y, Galvez R (1990) Buffer capacity and lead retention in some clay materials. Water Air Soil Pollut 53(1):53–67

    Google Scholar 

  24. Cao X (1997) Modeling electrokinetically enhanced transport of multispecies in porous media under transient electrical field. MSc thesis, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, USA

  25. Wilkowe A (1992) A modified finite difference model of electrokinetic transport in porous media. Master of Science thesis, Lehigh University

  26. Asadi A, Huat BBK, Moayedi H, Shariatmadari N, Parsaie A (2011) Electro-osmotic permeability coefficient of peat with different degree of humification. Int J Electrochem Sci 6(11):4481–4492

    Google Scholar 

  27. Lide DR (2010) CRC handbook of chemistry and physics: a ready-reference book of chemical and physical data. CRC Press, Boca Raton

    Google Scholar 

  28. Acar YB, Robert JG, Akram AN, Marks RE, Puppala S, Bricka M, Parker R (1995) Electrokinetic technology: basis and technology status. J Hazard Mater 40(2):117–137

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Civil Engineering, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran

    Gholamreza Asadollahfardi, Milad Rezaee & Gholamhosein Tavakoli Mehrjardi

Authors
  1. Gholamreza Asadollahfardi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Milad Rezaee
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Gholamhosein Tavakoli Mehrjardi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Gholamreza Asadollahfardi.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Asadollahfardi, G., Rezaee, M. & Tavakoli Mehrjardi, G. Simulation of Unenhanced Electrokinetic Process for Lead Removal from Kaolinite Clay. Int. J. Civ. Eng. 14, 263–270 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40999-016-0049-7

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40999-016-0049-7

Keywords

Search

Navigation