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Periodontitis and diabetes interrelationships in rats: biochemical and histopathological variables

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Abstract

Background

A two-way relationship between diabetes and periodontitis is now clinically established. Both conditions share common mechanisms of pathogenesis that are related to altered immune-inflammatory responses at local and/or systemic levels. The aim of this study is to investigate whether periodontitis is associated with the development and progression of diabetes and to evaluate the health impact of coexistence of both diseases.

Material and methods

Male Sprague Dawley rats (10 weeks old) were randomized into seven groups (n = 12): Group 1) Control; Groups 2 and 6) Periodontitis induced at two or six weeks; Groups 3 and 5) Diabetes induced at two or six weeks; Groups 4 and 7) Periodontitis followed by diabetes, and diabetes followed by periodontitis at two or six weeks. For diabetes induction, animals received a one-time intravenous injection of streptozotocin (50 mg/kg). Periodontitis was induced by Lipoppolysaccharide injection (20 μg/rat) through the palatal gingival and by placing a ligature of 0/0 braided silk around the cervix of the upper right second molar. Body weight, glycaemia as well as urine were collected weekly. Rats were sacrificed at the end of week 10, gingival tissue was removed, fixed in formaldehyde and processed for histopathological study.

Results

Body weight was significantly decreased (25%) following diabetes induction (p < 0.01). 40% weight loss was observed when diabetes was induced first compared to 30% when periodontitis was first induced in the animals (p < 0.01). Rats treated with streptozotocin showed a three-fold increase in diabetes compared to the control group (p < 0.01). In rats where periodontitis was induced after diabetes, glucose levels increased significantly (450 mg/dL) compared to glucose levels (410 mg/dL) where periodontitis was induced first (p < 0.01). Histopathological studies showed greater alveolar bone loss when both diabetes and periodontitis were present.

Conclusion

When periodontitis occurs after diabetes it aggravates the symptoms of the two pathologies. When diabetes is induced after periodontitis, no symptoms aggravation is observed for diabetes, although periodontitis gets worse.

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Abbreviations

DB:

Diabetes

PD:

Periodontitis

STZ:

Streptozotocin

LPS:

Lipopolysaccharide

SD:

Standard deviation

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Funding

Grant obtained by ZS from Central Research Committee, Lebanese University.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Lebanese University, Hadat, Lebanon

    Charbel Choubaya

  2. Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Research Team, Lebanese University and Faculty of Public Health La Sagesse University, Beirut, Lebanon

    Ramez Chahine

  3. Faculty of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon

    Pierre Zalloua

  4. Department of Prosthodontics and Department of Research, Faculty of Dentistry, Lebanese University, Hadat, Lebanon

    Ziad Salameh

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  1. Charbel Choubaya
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  2. Ramez Chahine
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  3. Pierre Zalloua
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  4. Ziad Salameh
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Contributions

ZS conceived the study and manage funds, RC designed, performed the experiments and analyze the data, CC participate to experiments and wrote the paper; PZ review the paper. All authors read and approved the final version.

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Correspondence to Charbel Choubaya.

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Choubaya, C., Chahine, R., Zalloua, P. et al. Periodontitis and diabetes interrelationships in rats: biochemical and histopathological variables. J Diabetes Metab Disord 18, 163–172 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40200-019-00403-4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40200-019-00403-4

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