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Hot cracking tests—an overview of present technologies and applications

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Abstract

Hot crack prevention in materials production and processing is an essential prerequisite for welded component safety. The causes of hot cracking can ultimately be attributed to the occurrence of metallurgical effects and to structural loads. More than 140 hot cracking test procedures have hitherto been developed for determining the hot cracking resistance. In principle, they are divided in self-restraint and externally loaded hot cracking tests with diverse process variants. Only some of the hot cracking tests are international standardized. Although various factors are known that encourage or prevent hot cracking, it is often not possible even with defined welding conditions to draw immediate conclusions about the hot cracking resistance of a welded component alone from a metallurgical composition of the base and filler materials. Based on an evaluation of the existing theories relating to hot cracking susceptibility assessment, this study summarizes the major hot cracking test procedures and highlights the application limits of the test procedures by presenting overviews along with explanations. It shows that weld hot cracking tests can generally be used to rank materials, welding consumables, and welding conditions. The evaluation of hot cracking test results and of their transferability among one another and to real components always requires consideration of the close relationships between metallurgy, welding process, and parameters, respectively, and prevailing restraint conditions.

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Notes

  1. Designation of a special universal testing facility made by Dynamic Systems Inc., Poestenkill, NY, USA

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  1. BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Berlin, Germany

    Thomas Kannengiesser & Thomas Boellinghaus

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  1. Thomas Kannengiesser
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  2. Thomas Boellinghaus
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Correspondence to Thomas Kannengiesser.

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Doc. IIW-2441, recommended for publication by Commission II “Arc Welding and Filler Metals”.

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Kannengiesser, T., Boellinghaus, T. Hot cracking tests—an overview of present technologies and applications. Weld World 58, 397–421 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40194-014-0126-y

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40194-014-0126-y

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