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Well-designed sandwich-like structured graphene/emeraldine salts prepared by inverse microemulsion polymerization with particle-on-sheet and sheet-on-sheet morphologies

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Abstract

In this work, nanocomposites with well-designed sheet-on-sheet and particle-on-sheet structures consisting of emeraldine salt and graphene were prepared via in situ inverse microemulsion of aniline monomers by well-dispersed graphene as efficient template. Influences of the weight percentage of graphene on the morphology and electrical conductivity property of the resulting sandwich-like structures were discussed. All the materials were characterized by XRD, FTIR, DSC, Raman and UV–Vis spectroscopy techniques. The formation of emeraldine salt (ES) shell layer on the exterior of graphene was investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) techniques. The thermal stability, electrical conductivity and electrochemical property of the graphene/emeraldine salt nanocomposites were examined by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), conventional four-probe method and cyclic voltammetry, respectively. In comparison with the pure emeraldine salt, the graphene/emeraldine salt sandwich-like structures showed enhanced electric conductivity, thermal stability and electrochemical property. A high specific capacitance of 1,615.42 F/g was obtained for graphene/emeraldine salt nanocomposites with sheet-on-sheet morphology at scan rate 5 mV/s which is superior to any studied graphene/emeraldine salt composites, up to now. Improvement in these properties is arisen from the fact that the π-bonded surface of the graphene sheet interacts strongly with the conjugated structure of the emeraldine salt sheet and increases relative amounts of quinoid rings to benzoid rings in sandwich-like structure of graphene/emeraldine salt nanocomposite.

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Acknowledgments

We are thankful to the Research Council of the University of Tehran. The authors gratefully acknowledged the kind assistance of Ms. A. Fotouhi at Polymer and Thermal Analysis Laboratory of the University College of Science, University of Tehran for TGA and DSC analyses.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Polymer Laboratory, Chemistry Department, School of Science, University of Tehran, P.O. Box: 14155-6455, Tehran, Iran

    Zahra Kachoei, Sepideh Khoee & Naser Sharifi Sanjani

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  1. Zahra Kachoei
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  2. Sepideh Khoee
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  3. Naser Sharifi Sanjani
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Correspondence to Sepideh Khoee.

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Kachoei, Z., Khoee, S. & Sharifi Sanjani, N. Well-designed sandwich-like structured graphene/emeraldine salts prepared by inverse microemulsion polymerization with particle-on-sheet and sheet-on-sheet morphologies. Iran Polym J 24, 203–217 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13726-015-0313-8

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