Abstract
The cocoa industry in Ghana is the second largest in the world, and it generates huge amounts of cocoa pod husks, which currently represent a disposal problem as no significant use has been found for them. The husks are rich in potassium, which may be used for alkaline hydrocolloid extraction from red seaweeds. Chemical and rheological properties of κ-carrageenan from Kappaphycus alvarezii and the Ghanaian red seaweed Hypnea musciformis extracted by KOH (benchmark) or by a cocoa pod husk ash solution were compared. Similar extraction yields and successful modification of the seaweed hydrocolloids with 3,6-anhydro-galactopyranose and sulfate contents of 37–38 and 16–17%, respectively, were obtained with cocoa pod husk ash and KOH extraction. Gel strengths of the κ-carrageenans were also similar: G′ at 25 °C were 5780 Pa with cocoa pod husk ash and 5930 Pa with KOH. These findings have implications for industrial waste biomass utilization and sustainable green growth development of seaweed hydrocolloid processing in Ghana.
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Funding
This paper is part of the Seaweed Biorefinery Research Project in Ghana (SeaBioGha) supported by Denmark’s development cooperation (Grant DANIDA-14-01DTU) Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Denmark. We thank the Water Research Institute (WRI), Council for Scientific Research (CSIR), Accra, Ghana for their technical assistance in collecting the seaweed samples and Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST), Kumasi, Ghana for supplying the cocoa pod husk. We also appreciate the donation of cultivated Kappaphycus alvarezii from NhaTrang Institute of Technology Research and Application, Vietnam. Soheila G. Parto, CHEC Research Centre, Dept. of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads 229, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby Denmark is thanked for assisting with GC-analyses.
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Rhein-Knudsen, N., Ale, M.T., Rasmussen, S. et al. Alkaline extraction of seaweed carrageenan hydrocolloids using cocoa pod husk ash. Biomass Conv. Bioref. 8, 577–583 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-018-0305-y
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-018-0305-y