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Isolation and characterization of genotype XIII Newcastle disease virus from Emu in India

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Abstract

Newcastle disease virus (NDV) infects at least 241 species of pet and free-living birds in addition to domesticated avian species. Wild, feral and domesticated birds are recognized reservoirs of NDV, and contribute to the epidemiology of NDV in the domesticated poultry. The biological and molecular characterization of velogenic NDV (vNDV) from emus is limited. In this study, 54 tissues were collected from eight Emu flocks between May 2010 and January 2012 from highly poultry-dense areas of India including Namakkal, Hyderabad and Bareilly regions. The presence of vNDV was confirmed by virus isolation, fusion (F)-gene based RT-PCR, sequencing of the cleavage site and the virulence scored. One out of eight flocks received from Hyderabad region was found positive for NDV and the in vivo pathotyping revealed the isolate to be vNDV type. The sequence analysis revealed that the isolate had cleavage site of 112-R-R-R-K-R-F-117, which is typical for vNDV. Sequence and phylogenetic analysis of the partial ‘F’ gene coding regions suggested that the NDV strain belongs to genotype XIII. The Emu isolate had 98–100 % nucleotide identity with the vNDVs previously reported in poultry flocks of India. The findings of present study based on the biological and molecular characterization of Emu-origin vNDV, highlights the circulation of genotype XIII in Emus for the first time in the country. There is need to understand the possible spill over of these genetically diverse NDV strains into the commercial poultry and their possible implications in disease control strategies.

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Author notes

  1. Vasudevan Gowthaman

    Present address: Poultry Disease Diagnosis and Surveillance Laboratory, Veterinary College and Research Institute Campus, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Namakkal, 637 002, India

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Avian Diseases Section, Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, 243 122, India

    Vasudevan Gowthaman, Sambhu Dayal Singh, Kuldeep Dhama, Perumal Aurumugam Desingu & Asok Kumar

  2. Division of Biological Standardization, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, 243 122, India

    Yashpal Singh Malik

  3. The Pirbright Institute, Woking, Surrey, GU24 0NF, UK

    Muhammad Munir

Authors
  1. Vasudevan Gowthaman
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  2. Sambhu Dayal Singh
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  3. Kuldeep Dhama
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  4. Perumal Aurumugam Desingu
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  5. Asok Kumar
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  6. Yashpal Singh Malik
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  7. Muhammad Munir
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Kuldeep Dhama.

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Gowthaman, V., Singh, S.D., Dhama, K. et al. Isolation and characterization of genotype XIII Newcastle disease virus from Emu in India. VirusDis. 27, 315–318 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13337-016-0324-x

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13337-016-0324-x

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