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Study of cooling system with water mist sprayers: Fundamental examination of particle size distribution and cooling effects

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Abstract

A cooling system that sprays micro water droplets could prove useful in mitigating temperature increases in urban areas by using the heat of water evaporation, a process that consumes only small amounts of water and energy. If water mist is sprayed in a semi-outdoor area, for example, under a canopy, it could potentially improve conditions on hot days. However, there is little reference data concerning the design or control of such systems. In order to propose a method for designing and predicting the performance of a water mist system, we discuss differences in cooling effects in the context of particle size distribution of water mist. The results of numerical fluid analysis showed there is no significant difference in temperature reduction for different particle sizes. However, the water particles remained in a lower position with larger particles.

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Abbreviations

a gs :

solar absorptance at ground surface (−)

A :

surface area (m2)

c :

heat capacity (J/(kg·K))

d :

droplet diameter (m)

d L :

ligament diameter (m)

d inj :

injector orifice diameter (m)

d 0 :

most probable droplet size (m)

d ug :

depth (m)

d :

size constant (m)

ƒ D :

drag force coefficient (s−1)

ƒ x :

additional force coefficient (m/s2)

F :

momentum (N·m/s)

h :

film thickness (m)

J :

horizontal solar radiation (W/m2)

k m :

mass transfer coefficient (m/s)

K b :

the most unstable wavelength (s−1)

l :

latent heat (J/kg)

L b :

breakup length (m)

m :

mass (kg)

ṁ:

mass flow rate (kg/s)

M :

molecular weight (kg/mol)

n :

spread parameter of a Rosin-Rammler distribution (−)

N :

molar flux of vapor (mol/(m2·))

Oh :

Ohnesorge number

p :

vapor pressure (Pa)

q cond :

heat diffusion to the underground (W/m2)

q conv :

heat convection and long-wavelength radiation (W/m2)

q sol :

transmissive solar radiation (W/m2)

R :

universal gas constant (Pa·m3/(mol·K))

t :

time (s)

T :

temperature (K)

u :

velocity (m/s)

v :

axial component of sheet velocity (m/s)

V :

total sheet velocity (m/s)

X i :

local bulk mole fraction of species i (−)

Y d :

mass fraction of droplets with diameter greater than d (−)

α :

heat transfer coefficient (W/(m2·K))

η :

wave amplitude (m)

θ :

spray angle measured from spray axis (rad)

λ :

thermal conductivity (W/(m·K))

ρ :

density (kg/m3)

τ :

solar transmittance (−)

Ω :

growth of the most unstable wave (s−1)

0:

at the injector exit

air:

air property

b:

sheet breaks up

g:

gas property

gs:

ground surface

l :

liquid property

L:

liquid ligament

i :

vapor species

p:

particle

rf:

roof surface

sat:

saturated condition

ug:

under ground

References

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya-shi, Aichi, 464-8603, Japan

    Hideki Yamada, Gyuyoung Yoon & Masaya Okumiya

  2. Institute of Technology, Shimizu Corporation, 3-4-17, Etchujima, Koto-ku, Tokyo, 135-8530, Japan

    Hiroyasu Okuyama

Authors
  1. Hideki Yamada
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  2. Gyuyoung Yoon
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  3. Masaya Okumiya
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  4. Hiroyasu Okuyama
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Gyuyoung Yoon.

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Yamada, H., Yoon, G., Okumiya, M. et al. Study of cooling system with water mist sprayers: Fundamental examination of particle size distribution and cooling effects. Build. Simul. 1, 214–222 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12273-008-8115-y

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12273-008-8115-y

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