Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Online Measuring Method for the Engines’ IVC Timing Based on the In-Cylinder Pressure Fluctuation

  • Published:
International Journal of Automotive Technology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The in-cylinder pressure fluctuations caused by intake valve closure (IVC) event were first investigated experimentally based on a single cylinder diesel engine with different cams. The experimental results show that the occurrence of the in-cylinder pressure fluctuation during the compression stroke has a close correlation with the IVC event. The start time of the pressure oscillation advances as the IVC timing advances. With a fixed IVC timing, higher engine speed results in a larger fluctuation amplitude and a longer fluctuation duration. To explain these phenomena, a numerical simulation model has been adopted. Results show that the IVC event causes pressure oscillations in both the cylinder and intake runner. At the same engine speed, the amplitude of the pressure oscillation decreases first and then increases as the IVC retards due to the change of gas flow direction. With the same intake temperature, the absolute time delay keeps constant at different engine speeds and IVC timings. The absolute time delay decreases as the intake temperature decreases. Based on the conclusions above, the potential methods to use the pressure oscillation are also discussed. An innovative engine valve timing detection method on the basis of in-cylinder pressure oscillation is presented.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

Abbreviations

3D:

three dimentional

c:

speed of sound, m/s

CAD:

crank angle degree

CAI:

controlled auto-ignition

CFD:

computational fluid dynamics

CFLmach:

maximum Mach Courant Friedrichs-Lewy

CRe:

effective compression ratio

Δx:

grid length, m

Δt:

time step, s

ΔT:

time delay, s

FDD:

fault detection and diagnosis

FFT:

fast Fourier transformation

FNN:

probabilistic neural networks

γ:

adiabatic coefficient

HCCI:

homogeneous compression charge ignition

IC:

internal combustion

IVC:

intake valve closure

PCCI:

premixed compression charge ignition

R:

the gas constant, 287 J/(kg·K)

SOC:

start of combustion

VVA:

variable valve actuation

WVD:

Wigner-Ville distributions

References

  • Beccari, S., Pipitone, E. and Genchi, G. (2016). Knock onset prediction of propane, gasoline and their mixtures in spark ignition engines. J. Energy Institute 89, 1, 101–114.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bodisco, T., Reeves, R., Situ, R. and Brown, R. (2012). Bayesian models for the determination of resonant frequencies in a DI diesel engine. Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing, 26, 305–314.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bozza, F., De Bellis, V. and Teodosio, L. (2016). Potentials of cooled EGR and water injection for knock resistance and fuel consumption improvements of gasoline engines. Applied Energy, 169, 112–125.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brijesh, P. and Sreedhara, S. (2013). Exhaust emissions and its control methods in compression ignition engines: A review. Int. J. Automotive Technology 14, 2, 195–206.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Clenci, A. C., Iorga-Simӑn, V., Deligant, M., Podevin, P., Descombes, G. and Niculescu, R. (2014). A CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) study on the effects of operating an engine with low intake valve lift at idle corresponding speed. Energy, 71, 202–217.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Convergent Science, I. (2014). CONVERGE Version 2.2 Theory Manual. USA.

    Google Scholar 

  • Flett, J. and Bone, G. M. (2016). Fault detection and diagnosis of diesel engine valve trains. Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing, 72-73, 316–327.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fog, T. L., Hansen, L. K., Larsen, J., Hansen, H. S., Madsen, L. B., Sorensen, P., Hansen, E. R. and Pedersen, P. S. (1999). On condition monitoring of exhaust valves in marine diesel engines. Neural Networks for Signal Processing IX: Proc. IEEE Signal Processing Society Workshop (Cat. No. 98TH8468). Madison, Wisconsin, USA.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ftoutou, E., Chouchane, M. and Besbès, N. (2011). Internal combustion engine valve clearance fault classification using multivariate analysis of variance and discriminant analysis. Trans. Institute of Measurement and Control 34, 5, 566.577.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hickling, R., Feldmaier, D. A., Chen, F. H. K. and Morel, J. S. (1983). Cavity resonances in engine combustion chambers and some applications. J. Acoustical Society of America 73, 4, 1170–1178.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hickling, R., Hamburg, J. A., Feldmaier, D. A. and Chung, J. Y. (1979). Method of Measurement of Bulk Temperatures of Gas in Engine Cylinders. Patent No. US4164867A.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jia, M., Li, Y., Xie, M. and Wang, T. (2013). Numerical evaluation of the potential of late intake valve closing strategy for diesel PCCI (Premixed Charge Compression Ignition) engine in a wide speed and load range. Energy, 51, 203–215.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jia, M., Xie, M., Wang, T. and Peng, Z. (2011). The effect of injection timing and intake valve close timing on performance and emissions of diesel PCCI engine with a full engine cycle CFD simulation. Applied Energy 88, 9, 2967–2975.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kyrtatos, P., Brückner, C. and Boulouchos, K. (2016). Cycle-to-cycle variations in diesel engines. Applied Energy, 171, 120–132.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Li, N., Xie, H., Chen, T., Li, L. and Zhao, H. (2013). The effects of intake backflow on in-cylinder situation and auto ignition in a gasoline controlled auto ignition engine. Applied Energy, 101, 756–764.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Li, X., Gao, H., Zhao, L., Zhang, Z., He, X. and Liu, F. (2016). Combustion and emission performance of a split injection diesel engine in a double swirl combustion system. Energy, 114, 1135–1146.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Li, Y., Tse, P. W., Yang, X. and Yang, J. (2010). EMD-based fault diagnosis for abnormal clearance between contacting components in a diesel engine. Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing 24, 1, 193–210.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Liu, F. S., Sun, B. G., Zhu, H. R., Hu, T. G., Du, W., Li, X. R. and Zhang, Z. (2014). Development of performance and combustion system of Atkinson cycle internal combustion engine. Science China-Technological Sciences 57, 3, 471–479.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Liu, F., Shi, Z., Hua, Y., Kang, N., Li, Y. and Zhang, Z. (2018). Study on the intake valve close timing misalignment between the maximum volume efficiency and the none backflow on a single cylinder diesel engine. J. Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 141, 2, 021026–1–021026–10.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lu, X., Han, D. and Huang, Z. (2011). Fuel design and management for the control of advanced compression-ignition combustion modes. Progress in Energy and Combustion Science 37, 6, 741–783.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Luján, J. M., Guardiola, C., Pla, B. and Bares, P. (2016). Estimation of trapped mass by in-cylinder pressure resonance in HCCI engines. Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing, 66–67, 862–874.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mahrous, A. F. M., Potrzebowski, A., Wyszynski, M. L., Xu, H. M., Tsolakis, A. and Luszcz, P. (2009). A modelling study into the effects of variable valve timing on the gas exchange process and performance of a 4-valve DI Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI) engine. Energy Conversion and Management 50, 2, 393–398.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Milovanovic, N., Chen, R. and Turner, J. (2004). Influence of variable valve timings on the gas exchange process in a controlled auto-ignition engine. Proc. Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: J. Automobile Engineering 218, 5, 567–583.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nivesrangsan, P., Steel, J. A. and Reuben, R. L. (2005). AE mapping of engines for spatially located time series. Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing 19, 5, 1034–1054.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nivesrangsan, P., Steel, J. A. and Reuben, R. L. (2007a). Acoustic emission mapping of diesel engines for spatially located time series - Part II: Spatial reconstitution. Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing 21, 2, 1084–1102.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nivesrangsan, P., Steel, J. A. and Reuben, R. L. (2007b). Source location of acoustic emission in diesel engines. Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing 21, 2, 1103–1114. 5ai]Peng, Z. J. and Jia, M. (2009). Full engine cycle CFD investigation of effects of variable intake valve closing on diesel PCCI combustion and emissions. Energy Fuels 23, 12, 5855–5864.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pulkrabek, W. W. (1997). Engineering Fundamentals of the Internal Combustion Engine. 2nd edn. Prentice Hall. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey, USA.

    Google Scholar 

  • Reuben, R. L. (1998). The role of acoustic emission in industrial condition monitoring. Int. J. Comadem 1, 4, 35–46.

    Google Scholar 

  • Senecal, P. K., Richards, K. J., Pomraning, E., Yang, T., Dai, M. Z., McDavid, R. M., Patterson, M. A., Hou, S. and Shethaji, T. (2007). A new parallel cut-cell cartesian CFD code for rapid grid generation applied to incylinder diesel engine simulations. SAE Paper No. 2007-01-0159.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tougri, I., Colaço, M. J., Leiroz, A. J. K. and Melo, T. C. C. (2017). Knocking prediction in internal combustion engines via thermodynamic modeling: Preliminary results and comparison with experimental data. J. Brazilian Society of Mechanical Sciences and Engineering 39, 1, 321–327.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vafamehr, H., Cairns, A., Sampson, O. and Koupaie, M. M. (2016). The competing chemical and physical effects of transient fuel enrichment on heavy knock in an optical spark ignition engine. Applied Energy, 179, 687–697.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Walter, B., Pacaud, P. and Gatellier, B. (2008). Variable valve actuation systems for homogeneous diesel combustion: How interesting are they?. Oil & Gas Science and Technology - Rev. IFP 63, 4, 517–534.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wang, C., Zhang, Y. and Zhong, Z. (2008). Fault diagnosis for diesel valve trains based on time-frequency images. Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing 22, 8, 1981–1993.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wu, W., Lin, T. R. and Tan, A. C. C. (2015). Normalization and source separation of acoustic emission signals for condition monitoring and fault detection of multicylinder diesel engines. Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing, 64–65, 479–497.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Xu, G. F., Jia, M., Li, Y. P., Xie, M. Z. and Su, W. H. (2017). Multi-objective optimization of the combustion of a heavy-duty diesel engine with Low Temperature Combustion (LTC) under a wide load range: (II) Detailed parametric, energy, and exergy analysis. Energy, 139, 247–261.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yang, X. F., Keum, S. and Kuo, T. W. (2016). Effect of valve opening/closing setup on computational fluid dynamics prediction of engine flows. J. Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 138, 8, 081503–1–081503–16.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yao, M., Zheng, Z. and Liu, H. (2009). Progress and recent trends in homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) engines. Progress in Energy and Combustion Science 35, 5, 398–437.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang, Q., Hao, Z., Zheng, X. and Yang, W. (2017). Characteristics and effect factors of pressure oscillation in multi-injection DI diesel engine at high-load conditions. Applied Energy, 195, 52–66.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Beijing Institute of Technology, School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing, 100081, China

    Fushui Liu, Zhongjie Shi, Yikai Li, Yang Hua, Yanlin Chen & Yongli Gao

  2. Beijing Electric Vehicle Collaborative Innovation Center, Beijing, 100081, China

    Fushui Liu

Authors
  1. Fushui Liu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Zhongjie Shi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Yikai Li
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Yang Hua
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Yanlin Chen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Yongli Gao
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Yikai Li.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Liu, F., Shi, Z., Li, Y. et al. Online Measuring Method for the Engines’ IVC Timing Based on the In-Cylinder Pressure Fluctuation. Int.J Automot. Technol. 20, 365–377 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12239-019-0036-5

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12239-019-0036-5

Key words

Search

Navigation