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Visuo-haptic virtual exploration of single cell morphology and mechanics based on AFM mapping in fast mode

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Abstract

Today the combination of several microscopy techniques over a sample can be performed at the same time on the same region. To fully capitalize on their complementarities and reveal new properties or behaviors as well as to present them in a new and attractive way, enhancing the experimental data exploration is a key issue. Especially, science education at micro and nanoscale is often limited by the complexity of making complicated knowledge accessible and easily remembered by the larger public. We propose an “out of the box” way to introduce complex scientific subjects like cell biology and polymer micro-rheology using haptic display and virtual reality. To reach this ambitious goal, firstly we combined the advantages of the Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and Fluorescence Microscopy (FM) in order to get complementary real experimental data on fixed and living isolated animal cells adhering on a protein micro-pattern or on a collagen-coated soft hydrogel. Secondly, thanks to the recent and fast AFM modes (PeakForce and Quantitative Imaging) dedicated to nanomechanical investigations, we achieved high resolution mapping images of the cell morphology, architecture and local mechanical properties. Then this set of data was implemented in a free simulation engine connected to a low-cost haptic device to create a virtual and interactive cell or polymer environment. In this environment, the user can explore the stiffness across three soft samples and can relate it to specific sample components. This dedicated visuo-haptic environment provides a novel sensory approach of the cell biology and/or micro(bio)mechanics through an active exploration of a set of scientific experimental data. This work paves the way to an affordable interactive and multisensory VR platform where various AFM images recorded in Peak Force or Quantitative Imaging, could be load in order to be actively explored; this approach fits into the emerging field of touching data.

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Acknowledgments

National project FUI - REVE 5D: Réalité Augmentée pour la Culture, les Infrastructures et l’Industrie, University of Lyon, ENISE.

Regional project “Apprentissage Enactif” funding by IDEX (Initiative D’EXcellence) Formation, University of Grenoble Alpes.

CIME Nanotech for AFM support and funding of Claudie Petit for data about the osteoblast cell.

European Research Council (ERC grant biolochanics, grant number 647067) for funding Claudie Petit works on AoSMC cells, EMSE.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Mines Saint-Etienne, INSERM, Université de Lyon, U 1059 SAINBIOSE, F - 42023, Saint-Etienne, France

    C. Petit

  2. Ecole Nationale d’Ingénieurs de Saint-Etienne, ENISE, University of Lyon, LTDS, CNRS UMR 5513, F - 42023, Saint-Etienne, France

    M. Kechiche, I. A. Ivan & R. Toscano

  3. CIME Nanotech, Grenoble INP, University of Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France

    V. Bolcato

  4. UFR de Chimie et de Biologie, Institute for Advanced Bioscience, IAB, UGA/INSERM U 1209/CNRS UMR 5309, University of Grenoble Alpes, UGA, Site Santé - Allée des Alpes, F - 38700, La Tronche, France

    E. Planus

  5. UFR PhITEM, Institut Néel, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, 38000, Grenoble, France

    F. Marchi

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  1. C. Petit
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Correspondence to F. Marchi.

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Petit, C., Kechiche, M., Ivan, I.A. et al. Visuo-haptic virtual exploration of single cell morphology and mechanics based on AFM mapping in fast mode. J Micro-Bio Robot 16, 147–160 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12213-020-00140-5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12213-020-00140-5

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