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Inflammation in diabetic nephropathy: moving toward clinical biomarkers and targets for treatment

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Abstract

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a leading cause of end stage renal failure and there is an urgent need to identify new clinical biomarkers and targets for treatment to effectively prevent and slow the progression of the complication. Many lines of evidence show that inflammation is a cardinal pathogenetic mechanism in DN. Studies in animal models of experimental diabetes have demonstrated that there is a low-grade inflammation in the diabetic kidney. Both pharmacological and genetic strategies targeting inflammatory molecules have been shown to be beneficial in experimental DN. In vitro studies have cast light on the cellular mechanisms whereby diabetes triggers inflammation and in turn inflammation magnifies the kidney injury. Translation of this basic science knowledge into potential practical clinical applications is matter of great interest for researchers today. This review focuses on key pro-inflammatory systems implicated in the development of DN: the tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-α/TNF-α receptor system, the monocyte chemoattractant protein-1/CC-chemokine receptor-2 system, and the Endocannabinoid system that have been selected as they appear particularly promising for future clinical applications.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the European Federation for the Study of Diabetes, the Compagnia di San Paolo, and the University of Turin.

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  1. Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, C/so AM Dogliotti 14, Turin, Italy

    Federica Barutta, Graziella Bruno, Serena Grimaldi & Gabriella Gruden

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  1. Federica Barutta
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Barutta, F., Bruno, G., Grimaldi, S. et al. Inflammation in diabetic nephropathy: moving toward clinical biomarkers and targets for treatment. Endocrine 48, 730–742 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12020-014-0437-1

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